American Citizenship and Immigration Essay -- Immigration Citizenship

Today the Society is split into three separately minded groups. In no specific ordering, the first is determined to believe that any one person born in the United States is a citizen and which means their parents should become citizens along with them. These are the ones whom obtain â€Å"birthright citizenship† (Raul). The second are firm believers in the only ones that should be citizens are the ones who go through the proper process of becoming a citizen and according to the article in â€Å"USA today,† it states that illegal immigrants are â€Å"having babies as a way to obtain citizenship,† which too many Americans â€Å"cheapens the whole idea of being American†. The last group is the â€Å"other† the ones whom are completely neutral or believe in the beliefs of the first or second group but not down to the word. Possible if they believe the child should get birthrights but not the parents, only the child and mother should get them, or if the y believe that they should get them but still have to work through the proper process to receive them to their full extent. The effects that â€Å"anchor babies† have on society are characterized by how it has changed, how it is misinterpreted, what it takes away from the citizens today, how the supreme court is responding to the effect, and how we as United State citizens can change the outcome of the effect. â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States† is part of section one of â€Å"the 14th Amendment†(Walpin). The amendment was adopted in the United States in eighteen sixty-eight. When this was first adopted, according to the fourteenth amendment website, it was done so during â€Å"Post-Civil War reforms focused on injustices to Africa... ..."The Debate Over 'Anchor Babies' And Citizenship." Talk of the Nation (NPR) (n.d.): Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Raul, Reyes. "Not very American: 'Illegal by birth'." USA Today n.d.: Middle Search Plus. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. . Walpin, Gerald. SPECIAL TO THE WASHINTON TIMES. â€Å"14th Amendment neer meant for illegals.† Washington Times, The (DC) (2010): 1. Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web 10 Nov. 2010. THE WASHINGTON, TIMES. "Anchor babies away." Washington Times, The (DC) (2010): 2. Newspaper Source. EBSCO. Web. 16 Nov. 2010. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=4KB5201008160421 04610016&site=src-live&scope=site.

Essay --

Strong, well-defined arms can be your best asset during the hot summer months. Although many people focus on the more visible biceps at the front of the upper arm, neglecting the triceps at the back of the upper arms can affect your appearance and strength. Dip machines, which are present in most gym facilities, can help work your triceps. Knowing how to properly use the machines and mastering proper form can optimize your results. About the Triceps The triceps is a three-headed, horseshoe-shaped muscle that sits at the back of your upper arms, opposites from your biceps. It's responsible for extending your elbows, which you might do when you throw a ball or reach out to shake someone's hand. This muscle makes up 60 percent of your upper arms, and by strengthening it you can add definition to your arms, and prevent a muscle imbalance and injuries. (See References 1, p. 46 and 47)The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention recommends strength training at least twice a week. (See References 2) During your routine, work your arms last, so they're not fatigued when you do chest, back, and shoulder exercises, which also engage your arms. Assisted Dip Machine An assisted dip machine is ideal if you're not strong enough yet to do body weight dips on the parallel bars. This apparatus allows you to select the amount of help you need to complete the range of motion. During the exercise you stand or kneel on a movable lever while grasping parallel bars with your hands. You then bend your elbows back, keeping them tucked next to your sides, and allow the lever to lower your body. When your upper arms are bent 90 degrees, press yourself up to the starting point with the assistance of the machine. Squeeze your triceps at the top of the ... ...tp://books.google.com/books?id=2MOrDKokat8C&pg=PA46&dq=triceps+60+percent+arms+extend+elbow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guMIU9fnN8qFogT8uYDIAw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=triceps%2060%20percent%20arms%20extend%20elbow&f=false] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need? [http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/adults.html] ExRx.net: Assisted Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/ASTriDip.html] MuscleMag: Machine Dip vs. Bench Dip [http://www.musclemag.com/muscle-building/machine-dip-vs-bench-dip/#.Uwjejc5xWSo] ExRx.net: Lever Triceps Dip [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/LVTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Bench Dip (Heels on Floor) [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWBenchDipFloor.html] User Bio Essay -- Strong, well-defined arms can be your best asset during the hot summer months. Although many people focus on the more visible biceps at the front of the upper arm, neglecting the triceps at the back of the upper arms can affect your appearance and strength. Dip machines, which are present in most gym facilities, can help work your triceps. Knowing how to properly use the machines and mastering proper form can optimize your results. About the Triceps The triceps is a three-headed, horseshoe-shaped muscle that sits at the back of your upper arms, opposites from your biceps. It's responsible for extending your elbows, which you might do when you throw a ball or reach out to shake someone's hand. This muscle makes up 60 percent of your upper arms, and by strengthening it you can add definition to your arms, and prevent a muscle imbalance and injuries. (See References 1, p. 46 and 47)The Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention recommends strength training at least twice a week. (See References 2) During your routine, work your arms last, so they're not fatigued when you do chest, back, and shoulder exercises, which also engage your arms. Assisted Dip Machine An assisted dip machine is ideal if you're not strong enough yet to do body weight dips on the parallel bars. This apparatus allows you to select the amount of help you need to complete the range of motion. During the exercise you stand or kneel on a movable lever while grasping parallel bars with your hands. You then bend your elbows back, keeping them tucked next to your sides, and allow the lever to lower your body. When your upper arms are bent 90 degrees, press yourself up to the starting point with the assistance of the machine. Squeeze your triceps at the top of the ... ...tp://books.google.com/books?id=2MOrDKokat8C&pg=PA46&dq=triceps+60+percent+arms+extend+elbow&hl=en&sa=X&ei=guMIU9fnN8qFogT8uYDIAw&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=triceps%2060%20percent%20arms%20extend%20elbow&f=false] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: How Much Physical Activity Do Adults Need? [http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/everyone/guidelines/adults.html] ExRx.net: Assisted Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/ASTriDip.html] MuscleMag: Machine Dip vs. Bench Dip [http://www.musclemag.com/muscle-building/machine-dip-vs-bench-dip/#.Uwjejc5xWSo] ExRx.net: Lever Triceps Dip [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/LVTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Triceps Dip [http://www.exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWTriDip.html] ExRx.net: Bench Dip (Heels on Floor) [http://exrx.net/WeightExercises/Triceps/BWBenchDipFloor.html] User Bio

Long Term Academic Goals

My long term academic goal is obtain a bachelor's degree. That goal is first broken down into semesters in which I take two courses at a time. I am currently taking two courses, and this is my first semester. I break down the semester into weeks, doing work on a weekly basis. At the beginning of the week, which for me is Monday, I estimate how long it will take me to complete that weeks reading assignment. I divide that time by five days, as I prefer not to read on the weekend, and I read that many hours each day.So, for example, if I estimate that I have five hours' worth of reading or the week, I would read for an hour each day. In regard to priorities, I establish them by due date of assignments, and amount of work due each class. I try to do the heaviest work load first. My support group consists of my family and friends. I usually talk to them on a daily basis on my commute to work, and I tell them about the work I am doing for each class each week. They listen attentively, and offer advice on how to complete the work in a timely fashion, such as setting aside time each day for school work.My brother is particularly supportive, as both he and I started college when we were both young, and he is Curious as to the changes that have happened over the years. My backup plan in case my computer goes down is twofold. First, I have my laptop on which I can access the internet. On the laptop, I have MS Word, so I can do my assignments. If both my main computer and my laptop go down, I have access to my brother's laptop, which has MS Word on It as well. I also have access to the internet via my local public library.Finally, I keep track of my assignments and due dates via a paper desktop calendar and my Blackberry. The desktop calendar Is on my work desk. I write every assignment on the date that It Is due on the calendar. When I complete an assignment, I check It off with a purple highlighter. I also put the assignment Into my Blackberry calendar, and set an alarm to go off at 10:00 AM of the date the assignment Is due. Since assignments are not due until midnight of the day they are due, If the assignment Is still outstanding, I have fourteen hours to complete It. This gives me adequate time to still complete the assignment.

Race by the Numbers Essay

In his article, â€Å"Race by the Numbers†, Orlando Patterson argued about the misinterpretation of the census results and that this misinformation is having negative effects on the perspective of the people. The misinterpreted part of the census, according to Patterson, was the idea that the population of the Whites is becoming the minority in many areas of the country. Thus, Patterson offered arguments and ideas to disprove the validity of the interpretation. However, the question is whether or not Patterson was able to persuade the readers, the citizens, that the interpretation of the census report was indeed incorrect. Patterson’s article is full of information especially statistical and quantitative information that helped him in establishing ground for his arguments. Patterson statement that â€Å"48 percent of Hispanics classified themselves as solely white† (p. 83) adds to his persuasive argument that is also supported by the next sentence in the article, â€Å"Hispanics can be of any race† (p. 83). These statements clearly supported the fact that the total percentage of Whites in was decreased as interpreted by the census report. Patterson also included studies that affirm his claim including recent census result. Patterson stated that, â€Å"whites will constitute 74. 8 percent of the total population in 2050, and that non-Hispanics will still be 52. 8 percent of the total† (p. 83) as indicated by the recent census. With such facts indicated in the article, it can be said that Patterson was able to build a strong evidence and supporting detains and information regarding his assertions. Thus, his argument, regarding the population of white Americans in the country, is a â€Å"gross distortion† (Patterson p. 83) is not a mere point of view but is supported by facts and relevant information. By establishing the facts and the arguments, it can be said that Patterson’s main purpose of writing the article was to show that the population of whites in America is still and will continue to be the majority; disproving the assumption that â€Å"non-Hispanic whites will cease to be the majority† (Patterson, p. 82). By doing so, Patterson aims to encourage the whites that they still are the majority and will continue to be. In this case, Patterson was able to do great job through his article. However, Patterson also indicated in his article the idea that â€Å"each group in the new minority-majority country has longstanding grievances against whites†, thus, Patterson may also want to claim the invalidity of this assertion through his article. But in this case, was Patterson effective? Basing from the article, Patterson was really able to encourage the whites and take away the doubt that they will cease to be the majority. However, Patterson was not able to take away the idea that minority groups in America have grievances on whites. On the contrary, it even points out another idea, that whites does not see minority groups as to be equal to them. Thus, instead of disproving the issue of minorities having grievances on whites, the article may even fuel the said issue. The article can trigger grievances against whites since the article establishes the idea that whites are and will continue to be the superior race in the country. Therefore, this may cause insecurity and rebellion against the white race since others may wish to see the downfall of a superior race. Patterson also included historical developments in regarding some issues such as the classification of races. Patterson stated that, â€Å"In 1930 Mexicans were classified as a separate race by the Census Bureau – which reclassified them as white in 1940, after protests† (p. 84). Patterson also mentioned 2 other related issues in history. In this case, Patterson was able to convince the readers regarding the misclassification done that lead to the misinterpretation of the census result. Thus, Patterson once again established a ground for his ideas and arguments by nullifying the classification made by the census bureau on the issue of which races are to be included as whites. As mentioned earlier, the author was able to establish the supporting facts about his claims. However, there are some instances that the author failed to mention relative and important information. Patterson adapted a study stating that, â€Å"Recent studies indicate that the second-generation Hispanic whites are intermarrying †¦ † (p. 83). However, Patterson did not mention what particular study reaches that conclusion. Therefore, readers in doubt of that particular argument have no means of verifying the claim. Patterson should have indicated all the necessary information about the research to enable the readers to locate the particular study, otherwise doubts will remain doubts in the minds of the readers. Although the article has its strengths, i. e. the use of statistical information, the weakness of the article is readily available to the readers. The main weakness of the article was that the author, Mr. Patterson, was obviously one sided in writing the article. The bias can be seen from the very beginning of the article. Thus, this limits the trust of the readers and the integrity of the writer. Showing personal biases is will really lead to doubts and disbeliefs of the author’s claim since the readers are aware that he or she is arguing for or against one side. Thus, in persuading the readers about a certain action or issue, one must show personal biases for this will weaken the arguments and the ideas presented by the author. In order to establish a ground proof about an argument, a writer must not show biases as much as possible. It would be better to show the different arguments of both side and show relative information, facts and evidences and let the readers decide which arguments weigh more basing from the given evidences. All in all, Patterson did a great job in laying the arguments and he was able to fulfil his main objective, to encourage the whites. However, as mentioned earlier, the article has its own weaknesses as well. Thus, the article would only be effective if the reader is taking the same side as Patterson’s, otherwise, the article would seem very racist of which whites are considered incomparable to others. The validity of the claims is thus, very subjective on the personality and side that the readers will take.

Reading Response : Abortion in India Essay

Rushdie, Salman. â€Å"Abortion in India†. Essays. 2nd Edition. Kelly, Joseph. New York; Norton, 2008. 279-282. Print. The articles topic is about the tragedy of abortion of female fetuses in modern day India. I believe the author is trying to say that unnecessary abortions are a type of genocide and a true tragedy. Proving points on both sides saysing that having female abortions could actually be beneficial in that it would decrease overpopulation. He then argued against this belief by stating that in one generation’s time there would be a girl shortage which could cause many problems, including increasing the sexism of Indian society and denying India of all of the wonderful things that women have to offer. The most interesting part of this essay was where Rushdie states that, â€Å"†¦Fundamentally it’s the result of modern technology being placed at the service of medieval social attitudes†. I found this to be a very insightful line and thought it summed up the problem in an interesting and thoughtful way. Although Rushdie is pro-choice, it does not mean he supports women having an abortion simply beacuse they dont want to have a daughter. What should be done when a women uses her power over her own body to discriminate againt female fetuses? Although he respects a womans right to chose, he also strongly believes that this practice is both immoral and unethical. I did not find any sections of this essay to be confusing or problematic. 1)Voluable- Speaking or spoken incessantly and fluently 2)Flamboyant- Tending to attract attention because of their exuberance, confidence, and stylishness. 3)Myraid- A countless or extremely great number 4)Anathematized- To proclaim an anathema on: curse

The Unsung Heroes of the Birmingham Campaign

When one thinks about the civil rights movement, the first name that comes to mind is Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. He contributed greatly to the advancement of African American people in the U. S. ; however, in the case of the Birmingham Campaign, it was a collective group effort from numerous local leaders and MLK that peacefully protested for, and eventually gained, the rights that all American citizens deserve. Few mention the efforts of local leaders like Fred Shuttlesworth’s work with Project â€Å"C†, James Bevel’s orchestrating of the Birmingham Children’s Crusade, Wyatt Tee Walker’s organizing confrontations with city officials.MLK’s own brother A. D. King, who played a part in the eventual success of the movement, is often left out of these conversations as well. None of the rights that African Americans gained after the movement would have been possible without the cooperation of President John F. Kennedy and the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In a public address to the nation, President Kennedy stated, â€Å"It ought to be possible for American consumers of any color to receive equal service in places of public accommodation†¦without being forced to resort to demonstrations in the street. He continued with, â€Å"It ought to be possible for American citizens of any color to register and to vote in a free election without interference or fear of reprisal,† which was in fact a goal of the Birmingham campaign. 1 There were many factors that brought the civil rights movement to Birmingham. Although it was a city with a forty percent black population in 1960, Birmingham remained one of the most segregated communities in America. 2 The fact that African Americans had been free from slavery for nearly one hundred years did not mean anything to a majority of whites in the South.Segregation of both communal and commercial facilities was required by law and enforced strictly in Birmingham. 3 Africa n Americans had gained the right to vote ninety years before the beginning of the Birmingham Campaign, but that did not seem to mean much in the South. Whites used several methods including poll taxes, literacy exams, and the grandfather clause to prevent blacks from exercising their constitutional right to vote. In 1960, only ten percent of the African American population in Birmingham registered to vote. Some might wonder why the white community was so opposed to desegregation. One answer is the that they simply had nothing to gain except increased competitions for jobs. 5 The unemployment rate for blacks was two and a half times higher that it was for whites. Also, a vast majority of whites had been raised thinking they were superior to African Americans based solely on the color of their skin. It was this stubborn and ignorant way of thinking that made it so difficult for blacks to attain equality in the south.Although the white and black communities of Birmingham would have nev er been considered to be at peace, tension between them began to mount early in 1963. On January 14, Governor George C. Wallace was inaugurated. In his speech he stated he believed in â€Å"segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever. †6 It was at this time that the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which was founded in 1957, made plans for the Birmingham Campaign. 7 Originally it was scheduled for March of the same year. However, the SCLC chose to wait until after the run-off election for Mayor of Birmingham on April 2.Albert Boutwell, who was moderate compared to his segregationist opponent Theophilus Eugene â€Å"Bull† Connor, won the election. Connor remained the Commissioner of Public Safety, and would later play an instrumental part in the Campaign. 8 They believed this would be the best time to bring the civil rights movement to Birmingham in full force. The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, a group created in 1956 when A labama outlawed the NAACP, released a statement entitled the â€Å"Birmingham Manifesto† explaining the reasons for the demonstrations that would take place in the following months. It also entailed how black citizens have tried â€Å"petitioning for the repeal of city ordinances requiring segregation† as well as how they have â€Å"turned to the system of the courts. † It is clear that those involved in writing this document believed that demonstrations in Birmingham were their last resort. Fred Shuttlesworth and N. H. Smith were the only men brave enough to sign their names at the bottom of the document that declared the black communities future resistance to the discriminatory laws in Birmingham. 10 The Birmingham Campaign officially began on April 3, 1963, the day after the release of the Birmingham Manifesto.Some of the things those behind the movement hoped to accomplish included desegregating public facilities, releasing non-violent protestors from jail, and reopening of parks that were closed in order to fight segregation. On April 3, black citizens gathered in downtown Birmingham to protest for racial equality in hiring. Smaller groups staged sit-ins at white only lunch counters; however, the lunch counters were closed and around twenty people were arrested. The following day, MLK attempted to lead a march to the Birmingham City Hall. The march did not last long due to a lack of followers. 1 After the protests on the first two days of the campaign saw no results, Fred Shuttlesworth and Wyatt Tee Walker, who were both very active in the SCLC, organized Project â€Å"C† (for confrontation. It involved a series of sit-ins and nonviolent protests that would begin on April 7. Shuttlesworth and Rev. Charles Billups, another local leader, staged a march that was supposed to reach the Birmingham City Hall. Police stopped the march and twenty-six people, ranging in age from seventeen to seventy-eight, were arrested. 12 Nine of those arrested were female. Both Shuttlesworth and Billups were in the front of the march and were arrested.The following day, A. D. King led a group of over two thousand people to protest Shuttlesworth and Billups’ incarceration. The demonstration was quickly put to an end when Circuit Court Judge William Jenkins issued a court injunction that forbade public protests. 13 Very early in the campaign, African Americans gained one small victory. On April 11, 1963, the Birmingham Public Library voted to desegregate. 14 On this same day, a court-ordered injunction against â€Å"boycotting, trespassing, parading, picketing, sit-ins, kneel-ins, wade-ins, and inciting or encouraging such acts,† was issued.MLK and Ralph Abernathy were arrested for parading without a permit the following day, Good Friday. 15 16 Many were outraged that the biggest leader in the national civil rights movement was unjustly arrested for a peaceful protest in Birmingham. Following MLK and Abernathyâ€℠¢s arrests, eight white clergymen released â€Å"A Call for Unity,† an article that was intended for African Americans in the Birmingham community who had been protesting in the past weeks. The article used words like â€Å"impatient† to describe blacks and also warned about joining â€Å"outsiders† in their demonstrations, referring to MLK. 7 While in jail, MLK wrote a direct response to his â€Å"fellow clergymen† entitled â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail. † The first issue he addressed in the letter was his reason for being in Birmingham. MLK says, â€Å"[I] am here because I was invited here,† and also, â€Å"I am here because injustice is here. † These were direct responses to the questions posed by the clergymen in â€Å"A Call for Unity. † Next, he explained the four basic steps of any nonviolent campaign: collection of facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action.MLK believed the people of Birmingham had gone through all of these steps. Also, he addressed the injustices that African Americans had faced in the Birmingham courts, as well as the numerous unsolved bombings. MLK then explained why his associates and he â€Å"[did not] give the new city administration time to act. † He states that the new city administration must be pressured early in order for them to act. Also, he states that although Boutwell is a â€Å"much more gentle person the Mr. Connor†¦we are sadly mistaken if we feel that the election of Albert Boutwell will bring the millennium to Birmingham. Later in his letter, MLK explained that he believes segregation is a sin because is denies African Americans their basic human rights. He also says that one has a â€Å"moral responsibility† to disobey unjust laws. Then, he explains the difference in a just law and an unjust law. â€Å"A just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God . An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law†¦One who breaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept the penalty. MLK also discusses that he is upset with the white moderate because they are more concerned with keeping order than attaining justice. The main focus of the letter is to help spread the message of civil disobedience. MLK believed this was the best way for African Americans to achieve their goals. Throughout the letter, he used strong language but was never offensive. The response was widely published and has since become very famous. 18 The Campaign continued throughout April with various demonstrations that achieved little success.However, James Bevel, a minister who played a big part in the Nashville Student movement and who had been called in to work alongside MLK, had been planning a big series of events. For weeks Bevel had been meeting with local elementary and high school students in the Birmingham sc hool districts. He had been teaching children how to protest without using violence. If students did not demonstrate an ability to handle verbal, and sometimes physical, assault without retaliating, they were not allowed to join Bevel’s cause.When he finally felt his students had been trained well enough, Bevel instructed them to march from the 16th Street Baptist Church to Birmingham’s City Hall to protest city segregation laws. Bevel chose to use kids to help his cause because he believed most people would have the decency to not harm the children; however this was not always true. The demonstrations began on May 2, which earned the nickname â€Å"D-Day† from many. Over the next five days, thousands of student protestors where arrested which filled the jails to maximum capacity. This did little to diminish their spirits. Thousands more lined the streets. Bull† Connor, the Head of Police at the time, ordered the use of fire hoses and police dogs to help p ut an end to the Children’s Campaign. 19 20 On May 5, Fred Shuttlesworth was hospitalized after being knocked off of his feet by a blast from a fire hose. Connor was quoted saying that he was upset that he had missed seeing this happen and that he wished â€Å"he had been carried away in a hearse. †21 One white man attempted to run his car into demonstrators and was arrested. 22 When pictures of fire hoses and police dogs being used on children were released in newspapers, the incident gained national attention.Ironically, by defending segregation so fervently, â€Å"Bull† Connor actually drew national attention to the civil rights movement and hastened the passage of major civil rights legislation. After hearing of what had happened during the Children’s Campaign, President Kennedy asked MLK to stop using children in his protests. When King relayed the message to Bevel, he refused. He then instructed the student’s to prepare to March to Washington . This caught JFK’s attention. The president and his team began collaborating with the SCLC on a comprehensive civil rights bill, considered by some as a step in the right direction for America.A March was still organized in Washington, however it was not to protest. Instead, over two hundred and fifty thousand people came to Washington in August of 1963 to show their support for the bill. 23 On May 8, the SCLC met with many local business leaders to form a compromise to end the Birmingham Campaign. Fred Shuttlesworth was so disgusted with the agreement he checked himself out of the hospital in order to confront the leaders of the SCLC for giving in. He believed the compromise was unacceptable because it lacked any serious concessions from Birmingham’s white community.The SCLC met again with the business leaders and a modified compromise was agreed upon. On May 10, at the A. G. Gaston Motel, MLK announced the end of the Birmingham Campaign while Shuttlesworth fielded q uestions. 24 Although the Birmingham Campaign was over, the local civil rights movement continued. Birmingham’s white community did not embrace the compromise that ended the campaign. For example, public parks were not reopened for nearly two months. 25 One of the stipulations of the compromise involved releasing of non-violent protestors from jail, including A.D. King. After his release on May 11, King returned to his home. Later that night, members of the Ku Klux Klan bombed his residence, but the family was able to escape. Another bombing at the A. G. Gaston Motel occurred the same night, and riots began in the streets of Birmingham. 26 The African American citizens were outraged by the bombings. Nearly three thousand rioters gathered in downtown Birmingham after the bombing of the motel. Wyatt Walker arrived quickly and pleaded with the citizens to disperse to their homes.Several rioters began throwing rocks at policemen, making this one of the few events where African Am ericans were violent. Walker and A. D. King asked all those who would not protest peacefully to leave. They knew that if policemen got hurt, it would be bad news for the black citizens. By 4:00 A. M. fifty people were harmed in the riots, including one police officer that was stabbed. 27 The civil rights movement continued in Birmingham throughout the summer. On June 11, JFK announced in an address to the nation that he was committed to the Civil rights movement.His attention had previously been focused on the Cold War, however the local leaders as well as MLK had pushed the issue. In Birmingham however, little progress had been made. Governor Wallace, in an attempt to fight segregation, ordered all city schools to be closed. 28 JFK called in the National Guard to reopen and integrate the schools. 29 Although it took nearly two months, Birmingham City Parks were reopened. On September 15, Ku Klux Klan member Bobby Frank Cherry bombed the 16th Street Baptist Church, which had been a rallying point for the movement, and four African American girls were killed. 0 Many considered this to be the turning point in the national civil rights movement. An article in the Milwaukee Sentinel read, â€Å"The Birmingham church bombing should serve to goad the conscience. The deaths†¦in a sense are on the hands of each of us. †31 Both the city of Birmingham and Governor Wallace offered a reward for the arrest of the bombers. Many would argue that the Birmingham Campaign had little impact for several reasons. Many of the integration efforts that were proposed in the compromise that ended the Birmingham Campaign were overturned.There were numerous bombings after the campaign had ended, which showed the white community would not embrace the attempted changes without a fight. However, others would argue that the Birmingham Campaign was successful not because of what it accomplished in Birmingham, but for what it accomplished on the national level. The campaign gained national media attention, which helped spread the message of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights to other areas of the nation.The campaign was instrumental in the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Wyatt Tee Walker wrote that the Birmingham Campaign was â€Å"the chief watershed of the nonviolent movement in the United States. †32 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. did play a major role in the national civil rights movement; however, in the case of the Birmingham Campaign, it was a collective group effort from numerous local leaders and MLK that peacefully protested for, and eventually gained, the rights that all American citizens deserve. Fred Shuttlesworth and Wyatt Tee Walker organized Project â€Å"C†.Shuttlesworth was even hospitalized after being hurt during a protest. James Bevel organized perhaps one of the most successful demonstrations of the Birmingham Campaign with the Children’s Crusade. Thi s helped gain attention and support from across the nation. Without the help of these men, as well as other local leaders, MLK would have accomplished very little in Birmingham. Although â€Å"Bull† Connor’s ordering the use of police dogs and fire hoses during protests was cruel and violent, it gained national media attention, which contributed greatly to the success of the Birmingham Campaign.President Kennedy’s cooperation was also crucial in the success of the movement. After the numerous violent acts in Birmingham, JFK announced his commitment to the civil rights movement and was instrumental in the passing of the Civil Rights act of 1964. As one can see, it was a combination of efforts from numerous leaders in Birmingham, the President, and MLK that lead to the eventual desegregation of not only Birmingham, but also the entire nation.

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China Essay - 6

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China - Essay Example The Isdera Company should also go for standardization of its operations. It can be concluded that all the seven elements of the marketing mix are imperative to a successful international business. Founded in 1997, Chery Company is in the automotive industry in China, specializing in manufacture of minivans, and passenger cars (CheryInternational, 2014). Records indicate that this company is the largest exporter of passenger cars in China, a record that it has held since 2003 (AsiaTimes, 2014). The operations of this company are mainly based in China, but it has also extended its operations to other countries such as Argentina, Egypt, and Iran among others. The company’s most recent developments include the joint ventures with Qoror and Tata motors, a move which has led to the increased production of Chey Jaguar and Chery Land rover (CheryInternational, 2014). The USA car buyers and users are a unique lot. While buyers in other countries prefer big and huge vehicles, the USA consumers prefer the smaller sized vehicles (Luxury Daily, 2013). They also prefer vehicles with the latest technology. One rule under which the USA consumers operate is the â€Å"value for money†. They are not afraid to spend large sums of money so long as the product is worth it (Arguea, Hsiao and Taylor, 2006). They also consider their status when buying a car as they are a populace that values elegant appearances. Marketing mix refers to the strategies and activities that an organisation considers to ensure that the needs of its customers are adequately and sufficiently met (Bowman and Gatignon, 2010). There seven elements in this mix include product, place, price, promotions, physical environment, people and process. Each element is a great determinate of the success of a business, especially one that has grown global as Wendooth (2009) notes. In a bid to achieve homogenization, manufacturers have opted to embrace globalization and see the world as one