The Meaning of Symbolism and Imagery in the Writings of Zora Neale Hurston

Zora Neale Hurston uses symbolism and imagery to capture emotions and guide the reader through the story through the eyes of the characters. In her short fiction story, The Gilded Six-Bits, Hurston entertains the emotional and visual senses of the reader by using several symbols and images to give light to the story and character settings. Hurston starts out the story by portraying a couples' relationship and giving it a sense of security, love and trust. However, as the story develops it is clear that know matter how true love is – greed can falter love. Symbolism is shown strongly through colors in Hurston's story. White is used as a symbol of purity. It portrays the relationship between Joe and Missie May as a clean and untouched relationship as described by Hurston, â€Å"The fence and house were whitewashed. The porch and steps scrubbed white.† (252) Joe thinks of the image of his white house on the way home from work right before he discovers Missie May and Slemmons together. Gold is used frequently throughout the short story as a symbol of social status and greed. Otis D. Slemmons is respected by Joe in the beginning of the story and depicted as being of great importance because of his gold teeth, a five-dollar gold piece for a stickpin and a ten-dollar gold piece on his watch chain. Slemmons character is later disemboweled because he is caught in the act of having sex with Joe's wife. The gold symbolizes mistrust, misfortune, greed and falsehood after Slemmons, Missie May and the gold are revealed. Silver also symbolizes a social status to all three of the main characters and a personal symbol to Joe and Missy May. It is clear a little over half way through the story that Slemmons was in the same social class as Joe and Missie May because he did not really have any more money than they did. For Joe and Missie May silver was a symbol  of there relationship. It was a ritual in their relationship for Joe to give Missie May the silver dollars every Saturday. The moon is described by Hurston as a silver image on Joe's ride home from work, â€Å"†¦a lean moon rode the lake in a silver boat. If anybody had asked Joe about the moon on the lake, he would have said he hadn't paid it any attention. But he saw it with his feelings. † (255) Joe saw the lake with his â€Å"feelings† and he saw the silver moon; it is clear that he associated his relationship with his wife with silver. Numbers are also used as symbols to make a statement without actually stating it. Joe and Missie May's magic number is nine. This stands for the nine silver dollars that Joe would throw into the house every Saturday. After she and Slemmons were caught together Joe no longer threw the coins into the house on Saturdays. Slemmons is told to have two gold pieces on him in the amounts of five and ten which is the amount of coins that Joe throws into the house at the end of the story. Slemmons uses numbers in an abstract way to describe people. He associates the number forty with the word forte and Joe doesn't understand what he means by it. Slemmons ironically opens an ice cream shop. Ice cream is a universal symbol for something that is sweet but cold. Slemmons was seen as sweet and suave as was Missie May until the two got together; then Joe viewed them as being cold. Clothing is another social status symbol. Slemmons is described as someone who wore fine clothes. Later in the story Joe calls them rags. When Joe took Missie May to the ice cream parlor he wanted her to wear her Sunday clothes so that he could show her off to Slemmons. He wanted him to see his woman since Slemmons talks about all of the women that he has. Hurston writes that Joe considered Missie May to be the best dressed woman at church, â€Å"†¦church on Sunday nights when Missie outdressed any woman in town†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (255) This quote also brings up  the symbol of religion. When Joe asked Missie May to go to the ice cream parlor for the first time Hurston writes that he tells her, â€Å"†¦put on yo' Sunday-go-to-meetin' things.† (253) Hurston  writes in other quotes that refer to images from the Bible. â€Å"Like Samson awakening after his haircut.† (256) â€Å"Don't look back lak Lot's wife and turn to salt.† (257) The imagery from these q uotes make it know that Joe is a religious man in the story and Hurston herself has a religious background. Laughter is used to portray and hide feelings in Joe. Laughter shows the happiness between Joe and Missie May when they have their playful game on Saturdays. Later in the story Hurston writes that Joe's laughter is shown as an unsure feeling when he finds Slemmons with his wife, â€Å"So he just opened his mouth and laughed.† and before bed that night, â€Å"†¦and took a good laugh and went to bed.† (256) At the end of the story Joe was laughing in the store when he turned in the 4-bit piece that he pulled off of Slemmon's neck for candy. The clerk states after Joe leaves, â€Å"Wisht I could be like these darkies. Laughin' all the time. Nothin' worries 'em.† This was surely not Joe's case at all but his character tells otherwise. Hurston also uses laughter as a private symbol in another one of her writings. â€Å"They made burning statements with questions, and killing tools out of laughs.† (Their Eyes Were Watching God 2) â€Å"Pearl Stone opened her mouth and laughed real hard because she didn't know what else to do.† (Their Eyes Were Watching God 2-3) Hurston's real life is story is a mystery according to Ann Ducile's book review in The New York Times. She has conflicting age and birth date documents due to her habitual lying. â€Å"†¦although she gave the year of her birth as 1910, rather than 1891, as scholars have now determined.† (The New York Times) Literature and The Writing Process has her birth date listed as 1901. Her birthplace is also not certain. She has said that she was born in Eatonville but it is assumed that she was born in Notasulga, Alaska. Nonetheless, Hurston has made a mark in the history of writing with her cultural relations and peers. According to The New York Times  article there are festivals, foundations, literary societies, endowed chairs, journals, honors and awards in the name of Zora.

Fast Food Nation Essay

Whether we like it or not, fast food and its detrimental effects have become an epidemic. For many years, people have been oblivious to the growth of the fast food industry. However, over the past three decades, the fast food industry has nearly taken over our American society; almost anywhere, one can see its vast influence. As a result, in his book, Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser portrays the influence of the industry. By implementing pathetic appeals for injustice and disgust, statistics from reputable sources, and fear of the consequences of fast food, Schlosser shows the average adult how the fast food industry is ruining American culture as a way to reform its problems. Throughout his book, Schlosser consistently tries to create an emotional appeal, particularly to one’s injustice and disgust to depict his opinion. When one hears things such as, â€Å"The hamburger habit is just about as safe†¦as getting your meat out of a garbage can† (Schlosser 195), he or she cannot help but to be disgusted. Of course no one wants to be told that he or she is eating trash. Moreover, Schlosser discusses other vomit-inducing truths such as, the numerous amounts of cannibal animals among the animals whose meat becomes the food that people eat at a fast food restaurant (202). He also talks about how every year there are millions of dead animals purchased to be fed to the animals that restaurants provide as meat (Schlosser 202). Lastly, Schlosser writes, â€Å"There is shit in the meat† (197), which immediately grabs the reader’s attention and hence shows his pathetic appeal to persuasively convey his opinion. Would anyone really want to eat a feces burger for lunch? In addition, out of 355 detailed pages, Schlosser’s statistics are omnipresent. He constantly uses them to back up his statements with evidence, even dedicating one sixth of the book to notes full of statistics with reputable sources. Although he already states his facts persuasively, they become more convincing with this use of logos. For instance, at many times, authors will make up a statement and act as if it were a true fact. However, when he writes, â€Å"There is a 100 percent turnover rate annually† (Schlosser 325) and quotes it from a published article, one can actually know the turnover rate without having to question its validity. Furthermore, when Schlosser writes about how 7. 5% of all ground beef samples are contaminated with Salmonella and quotes it from a Nationwide Microbiological survey, one does not have a hard time believing its legitimacy (Schlosser 333). One of the most persuasive strategies Schlosser uses in his book is his appeal to his audience’s consequential fears of fast food. For most people, living life is a wonderful gift and if anything could be able to take it away, people would doubtlessly avoid it. Schlosser does an effective job at listing the harmful consequences; since he clearly detests the fast food industry’s influence, he does this to help reform against the influence of it. For example, when Schlosser brings up the existence of E. coli O157:H7 in fast food, he does not simply say, â€Å"It is bad† (199). He goes on and elaborates with great detail, giving a story of a six year old boy named Alex who died because of the bug (200). Not only does he dramatize the story but he also narrates the events chronologically to draw the greatest response from the reader. Schlosser writes, â€Å"It progressed to diarrhea†¦Doctors frantically tried to save Alex’s life, drilling holes in his skull to relieve pressure, inserting tubes in his chest to keep him breathing†¦ Toward the end, Alex suffered hallucinations and dementia, no longer recognizing his mother or father† (200). These events, individually, already seem terrifying. Together, it magnifies the effect. Pathos and logos play an important role throughout Schlosser’s entire book. He is clearly against the fast food industry’s ubiquitous influence and as a result, he writes with pathetic appeals, reputable sources, and fear evoking descriptions to abolish its influence on American culture. What he writes has shown to be true; fast food has had a negative effect on society. While fast food may have some benefits, it’s detrimental in the long run. Day by day, the influence of fast food continues to grow and harm the American culture.

Free Education in Europe

HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Free Education in Europe Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. o. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. European (Scandinavian) countries have a tradition to provide free education. Initially all the education programs were available in local language. Since last few years, when they realized the importance of internationalization, they started offering programs in English also. Now majority of their Master degree programs are available in English as well as a few of their Bachelor programs are also available in English. European (Scandinavian) countries have a tradition to provide free education.Initially all the education programs were available in local language. Since last few years, when they realized the importance of internationalization, they started offering programs in English also. Now majority of their Master degree programs are available in English as well as a few of their Bachelor programs are also available in English. We have several programs like PhD, Masters, Bachelors in various subjects like Arts, BioTech, Sciences, Commerce, Chemistry, Business, Design, IT, Management, Engineering, Biology, Computer Science, Physics, Earth Agriculture, Health Sciences etc. vailable in countries like Germany / Sweden/ Norway / Belgium / France etc. These programs are available for Free (No Tuition Fee) or at a very subsidized fee structure and the medium of instructions is English. The standard duration for all Master degree programs are 2 years, Bachelors are for 3 years. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization.Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Advantages There are many advantages available in Europe comparing to US/ Canada/ Australia etc. apart from free study programs like: Schengen Visa Liberty to, move around almost entire Europe without Visa constraints. English Advantage All MNC's working there or European MNC's, working in English speaking countries always prefer employees who can speak English. Extended Visa You get a 1 year extension after completion of your studies to find employment.Employment Opportunities All these countries are prime business nations and facing negative population growt h, so chances of getting employment after studies are even higher than US/ India/ Aus / Canada. Work Permit Secure an Employment & immediately get a 3 yrs work permit. Safe & Secure Most of these countries have a crime rate of almost zero. Prosperity These countries have almost 100% literacy as well as per capita income higher than even US. Credentials, ECTS & Education Standards All the qualifications are world-wide recognized and acceptable. All European syllabuses are now based on ECTS (European Credit Transfer System).One can change Universities without losing credits. European standards are very high and their integration of Education with practical application are very advantageous. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Advantages There are many advantages a vailable in Europe comparing to US/ Canada/ Australia etc. apart from free study programs like:Development Most of these countries are technologically very advanced and their infrastructures are better than the best. Living Indian students can find it cheaper than US/ Canada/ UK if they stay in groups & prepare own food. Part time work At most places part time work is allowed up to 20 hrs/ week. Permanent Settlement Settlement options are possible at most European Countries after completion of a certain period on Work Permit. No SAT/ GRE / GMAT SAT / GRE/ GMAT are not required for most of the programs. Although, IELTS or TOEFL is desired for most of the English programs. Language – Drawback or another Advantage?Almost every country in Europe has it’s own language, which takes some time to understand. One can take this as an opportunity to learn a new language. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart Living Expenses An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Indian students who live in groups and prepare their own food can survive in Euro 300 to Euro 500 per month. Students who live independently may have to spend Euro 500 to Euro 750 per month. Why Study in Sweden / Germany?No Tuition Fees for most courses. Now many courses are available in English. Internship opportunities are available in Multi National Companies. All courses are recognized worldwide including India. Flexible approaches to studies. Schenegen visa opens the doors for all European countries. Great opportunity to save money. No Visa Hassles. Visa Conditions are relatively very easy. Very low living expenses (approx. 300 Euro/ month) Part Time Jobs are available. (up to 20 hrs. / week) Good career prospects, ample placement opportunities. Hundreds of course options available. Ph. D. opportunities are availa ble after PG.All Universities in German, Sweden, Finland, France, Belgium, Norway are almost equally ranked & the courses have recognition worldwide. Fields of study †¢Engineering (Mechanical, Electrical, Chemical, Civil, Computer, Aeronautical, Automobile & many more) †¢MBA (Finance, International Business, European Asian Bus. Mgmt, Supply Chain Mgmt. ) †¢Public Health, Medical Engineering, Medicine †¢Environmental Science, Bio Technology †¢Economics, Law †¢Natural Sciences †¢Social & Cultural Studies, Psychology †¢Agricultural & Forestry, Regional Planning Note : MBA & some other programs are normally paid programs or available in German Language.Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart Entry requirements for admission Minimum First Division Marks English Proficiency: TOEFL (213) or IELTS (6. 0) Language Proficiency for Un dergraduate Programs First come first serve basis Documents requirement for application (10 sets) Updated Resume Photographs (10 nos. ) Transcripts (Final year) Mark sheets (10th onwards) An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Letter of recommendations (2/3)Certificates / Diploma / Degree (10th onwards) -Original-sealed & stamped -Notarized Photocopies -Notarized Photocopies -On letterhead (Original-sealed TOEFL / GRE / GMAT Score cards (if available) Other Academic Photocopies (if any) Final year Project summary (for Engineers) Work Experience Certificates (if any) Monthly Living Expenses Food Accommodation Health Insurance Transport etc. Total monthly expenses Earning Potential Work allowed Minimum per hour wages Loans – & stamped by individual faculty/ employer) -Notarized Photocopies -Notarized Photocopies -Computer Printout -Notarized Photocopies 00 Euros / month 150 Euros / month (sharing basis) 50 Euros / mont h 50 Euros / month 400 Euros approx. 20 hrs / week 6 –8 euros Can be availed from nationalized banks @ 10. 75% to 12. 00% p. a. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. Highlights Students can travel in and around the European Union on the Schengen Visa. Students can stay for 1 year (or 2 years) after their course of study to find work.European Union’s new policy encourages Indian manpower for Immigration. Education standards are at par with World’s best education standards. European Institutions funds all prospective research scholars. HeadStart – Germany / Sweden / Belgium / Norway – Education Package 1. Counseling for Course Selection 2. Professional Counseling for Future prospects 3. Application to Universities (3 to 10) 4. Docu ment arrangement for Application 5. Guidance for preparing SOP, Resume, LOR 6. Visa File Preparation, Assistance & Guidance 7. Assistance to avail Study Loan, Medical Insurance, International Bank A/c. Air Ticket, Foreign Currency 8. Post Landing Services (Subject to availability) 9. IELTS/ TOEFL Coaching Program* 10. GRE/ GMAT Training Program* 11. German/ Swedish/ Italian/ French Language Training* Under Graduate Programs Under Graduate Programs (English Medium) Under Graduate Programs (Medical) Master’s / Diploma Programs MBA / Masters (English Medium) Programs Ph. D. Programs :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 3000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 3000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) :Euro 2000 (1 Euro = INR 60) * We charge Euro 1000 as Advance payment for all programs. Training / Coaching Fees not included. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headsta rt. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. FAQ on Education in Germany / Europe – General †¢ What are the different types of Universities in Europe? For studying in Europe can choose between universities and universitystatus institutions, such as the technical universities, or the Fachhochschule institutions, or the colleges of art, music and film.All state-maintained higher education institutions are open to students of all nations. Which European Universities are Reputed? Its a difficult to answer this question, there is no specific ranking system. Some magazines like Spiegel in Germany publish university ratings every year, the other one I know is from HUMBOLDT. †¢ When is the deadline for applying? There are two semesters Winter & Summer. So, depending on the University the session either in winter or summer. Hence plan to apply before one year of your desired starting time. à ¢â‚¬ ¢ How much is the Tuition fee?Until now there was no tuition fee in Germany/ Sweden / Norway/ Belgium/ Finland, now government and universities have decided to collect tuitions fees (some Universities still have no tuition fees at all) varying from 500 Euros till 2500 Euros per semester depending on course, university etc. So please check respective universities for complete information. Normally, Under Graduate English medium programs carry a tuition fee ranging between Euro 2000 to Euro 12000 p. a. †¢ Do I need TOEFL or GRE Score? Usually not, but some universities may ask TOEFL/ IELTS for English competence.However, GMAT / GRE are generally not required. What is the medium of Instruction? It can be in English or in German. Mostly, undergraduate programs are in German Language. But at PG level, most programs are now available in English. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart HeadStart An ISO 9000:2001 Certified Organization. Member of NAFSA, EAIE Sent over 1500 students since 2001. †¢ Do I need German / Swedish / French language?If not for education (depending on whether medium of instruction is in Regional Language or English) for social life I believe one should definitely learn basic Regional language. †¢ Where do I learn German / French / Swedish language? It is always advisable to study German Language in Germany as it is easier and faster to grasp the language there. HeadStart arranges language training (paid) to all students. †¢ How much is the living expenses? Depending on the city the costs vary though on an average 400-500 Euros per month should be sufficient. 200 – 250 Euros House Rent + 60 Euros Insurance + 100 Euros Food + 50 Misc. ). The figures given are rough estimate it can vary depending on the city / person etc. †¢ Can I work as a Student? Yes, up to 18 /20 hours per week, and up to 2 months full time Including doing 3 months full time job as a student per year. But one needs to get work permit for working as a student. Part time student job fetches about 8 to 10 Euro per hour. Ahmedabad : 079-30179032, 30172039, 99740 35372 Jaipur : 0141 2378982, 237899 Email : [email  protected] co. in Web: www. headstart. co. in HeadStart

Stability between Islamic and Conventional Banking In Relation To Research Paper

Stability between Islamic and Conventional Banking In Relation To Customer Confidence - Research Paper Example A conventional bank is regarded as a financial intermediary, which receives money and deposits, and channels those deposits into lending activities, along with paying and collecting cheques for its customers. During business activities, conventional banks offer several other services and facilities to its customers. Thus, it can be asserted as a bank links together its customers that have capital deficits and capital surpluses. Conversely, an Islamic bank consists of the principle of developing Islamic economics through banking activities. During the last few decades, Islamic banking industry has experienced a sustainable growth rate of around 10-15% per annum. At the same time, it is also observed that this industry is steadily growing towards conventional financial systems (Sole, 2007). According to the observation, it is determined that the Islamic banking industry not only operates its functions in major Muslim populated countries, but also it has operated its banking activities in low crowded Muslim countries such as the United Kingdom, Malaysia and Japan among others. Consequently, the Islamic banking industry has granted its banking license for expanding its banking operations in several countries such as India and Syria among others. Besides, it has been acknowledged that Islamic banking industry has in excess of 300 branches among 51 countries around the world where Islamic banking system is followed (Sole, 2007). In terms of key products offered to the customers in both the banks they include mortgages (home loan), car loans, personal loans along with credit facility.

Observing Math instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Observing Math instruction - Essay Example It also allows students to learn both individually and in groups. This lesson will allow the impaired students to use their own senses. Their senses become highly developed, and they work on the ones they have shown deficiencies in. The lesson plan will also appeal to those with ADHD because of its stimulating and interactive nature. Primary: For students to understand that one whole turn is 3600, three quarters turn is 2700, half a turn is 1800 and a quarter turn is 900 this knowledge then gets applied while measuring angles using a protractor. Explain to students what the process for observation and learning will be for the measuring of angles. Lesson will commence with finding out what the students know about the angles. This gets followed by individual observation of how the teacher and the instructor on the projector turn. This will get done step by step until all angles are covered. Teacher then guides the students to measure the angles on photographs provided with a protractor. The lesson will sum up through questions that will test the understanding of the students and make clarifications. Introduce the lesson through an interactive session between the students and teacher. Explain to the students that one complete turn is four right angles. Ask the students to stand up and face North. Instruct them on the direction to face and face that way. Tell them to follow your instruction and to copy. Students watch on the projector and observe how the instructor turns making different turns to indicate different angles. This gets done step by step to allow students to emulate what the instructor is doing and understand which angle the turn indicates. Students will answer various questions assigned by the teacher to be answered during the observation. For example, how many degrees are; the first turn, second turn, third turn, fourth turn and fifth turn? After this, in small

Earthquake Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Earthquake Paper - Essay Example The earthquake was marked by a thrust-faulting focal mechanism which saw the subduction of the Nazca plate underneath the South American Tectonic Plates (USGS, 2010). For Haiti, the earthquake occurred at the northern boundary of the Caribbean tectonic plate which shifts eastwards per year in relation to the North American Plate (Amos, 2010). The depth of focus for the Japan earthquake was 32 kilometers, for the Haiti earthquake, it was 13 kilometers, and for the Chile earthquake, it was 35 kilometers. The tsunami which followed the Japan earthquake caused a greater damage than the earthquake itself. The earthquake caused a 5-8 meter upthrust in a 180-km seabed offshore from the coast of Tohoku which then caused the tsunami which devastated Japan’s northern islands and the Pacific coastline (CNN Wire Staff, 2011). The tsunami extended across the Pacific with warnings issued to coastal towns. Chile, which was the furthest area from Japan still felt tsunami waves 2 meters high. In the Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, and the Iwate prefecture, tsunami waves were also felt (Yomiuri Shimbun, 2011). The height of the tsunamis hitting Japan ranged from as low as three meters to as high as 13 meters, covering about 560 square kilometers of Japan, and the waves were seen an hour after the earthquake hit first in Sendai airport and in the rest of the northern coast of Japan following (CNN Wire Staff, 2011). A four meter tsunami would also hit the Iwate prefecture and the Wakabayashi Ward in Sendai. A major part of Kuji and Ofunato were destroyed and in Rikuzentakata, tsunami waves were reported at about three stories high (CNN Wire Staff). Damages in the cities of Kamaishi, Miyako, Yamada, Namie, Soma, Minamisoma, Shichigahama, among others were also reported. The most severe impact of the tsunami was felt along the coastline stretching from Erimo to Oarai with bridges washed out and a wide swath of general destruction (CNN

Migration and Sexual Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Migration and Sexual Health - Essay Example stion, the report has established that MSM are more prone to acquiring STIs than their heterosexual partners because unprotected anal intercourse presents more chances of acquire STIs than virginal intercourse. On the third question, it has been conclusively noted that the sexual and reproductive health of African migrants is gendered in its effects because men have more powers and privileges over the sexuality and reproduction of their female partners. This present report is primarily based on the topics of migration and sexual health. In the context of the report, the term ‘migration’ will be used to refer to the movement of people from one region to another while the term ‘sexual health’ will be used to refer to the â€Å"state of mental, physical, emotional, and social well-being of a person in terms of sexuality (Rutter and Schwartz, 2012) and (Crooks and Baur, 2014). In order to broaden the understanding of the topic area it is important to note that the term ‘sexuality’ refers to the sexual habits and desires of a person. The study on migration and sexual health cuts across as unique in the field of academics because not so many studies have been dedicated to look into the relation of migration and sexual health. In particular, this present study will look at the migration of Africans from various African countries into the United Kingdom. It is important to note that over the past years dating back to the late part of the 20th century, there has been a continued increase of African migrants drawn from various countries into the United Kingdom. According to Spencer (2010), this trend of migration has been promoted by the fact that UK is perceived to be a greener pasture for the African migrants who believe they can easily secure well paying jobs in the country, and gain access to quality education. However, Arthur et al. (2012) added that some African migrants opted to migrate to the UK as asylum seekers in order to evade the hostile political

Contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Contract law - Essay Example In the formation f contracts two elements are vital. Firstly, the "offer," an indication by one person prepared to contract with another, on certain terms, which are fixed, or capable f being fixed at the time the offer is made. Secondly, there must be an "acceptance", an unconditional assent to a definite offer.[2] These two combine to create certainty that a contract has been formed, for, as in Scammell v Ouston (1941),[3] "if an agreement is uncertain on some important issue.the courts will hold there is no contract."[4] Following this, the elements f consideration and intent provide the contract's "body and substance"[5]So, what is meant by "consideration" and "the intention to create legal relations" English law usually requires prof that the parties have made a bargain, or agreement, [6] this is known as the benefit and detriment test. (Currie v Misa (1875) [7] or "a benefit to one party or a detriment to another."[8] So, in practical terms consideration can be defined as what one party in an agreement is giving, or promising, in exchange for what is being given, or promised, by the other side. [9] This provides mutuality, making the contract enforceable. The Oxford Dictionary f Law definition states, "Consideration is essential to the validity f any contract other than one made by deed. Without consideration an agreement not made by deed is not binding; it is a nudum pactum (naked agreement) governed by the maxim ex nudo pacto non oritur action (a right f action does not arise out f a naked agreement.)"[10] English law does not rely on formalities as a way f identifying intention to create a legally binding contract. Instead it focuses on offer, acceptance and consideration. [11] If these are present, and unless rebutted by contrary evidence, courts operate on the basis f two legal presumptions, that there is no intention to be bound in domestic or social arrangements, but there is intention to be bound in commercial agreements. [12] Professor B.A.Hepple claims that there is no need f a separate requirement f intention, and that a bargain, involving mutuality is sufficient. These views are not generally accepted as it is widely agreed that identifying the parties' intentions is essential to the role f the courts when establishing if a contract was made. [13] It is useful to look at why English law has become so reliant on the consideration element f a contract, and why it has frequently been used as the "badge f enforceability,"[14] Professor Atiyah argues that "consideration" originally meant a "reason for enforcing an agreement."[15] Early forms f contract law mainly involved agreements regarding debt, covenant, or detinue ie., wrongful detention f property, and were only binding if under seal. This method, which required a degree f form such as writing or a deed, was used to prevent fraud and proved that there was an intention to create legal relations. Consideration was first used in the sixteenth century when, in order to enforce informal agreements, the law f assumsit was developed.[16] So, while that the law would, "...still not enforce merely gratuitous promises, ... the law had to develop an element that could distinguish between a proper contractual agreement, and something less that would not."[17] Due to the Law f Property Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1989, form is still required for contracts involving the sale f land. It is also used to offer consumers protection in hire purchase and consumer credit agreements. In the English Common law system, a promise is not legally binding as part f a contract except if it is made in a deed or supported by some consideration. [18] Sir Guenter Treitel Q.C.,

Paper on business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paper on business proposal - Essay Example Most of the organizations utilize financial, informational, material and human resource to run their business. In most of the cases it has been seen that were there is disorientation and mismanagement of human resource, problem occurs and other resources are also not properly utilized. In this study the focus would be on the difficult problems that business organizations encounter on daily basis. It has been noticed that these problems are usually those whose solutions are not so easily identifiable or they involve some form of controversy. Keeping in mind such issues, the study would begin with the discussion of the organization and its various day to day functions, the resources required for such functions, and the role of human resource in such situations. In order to describe the organization problems and discuss other significant aspects related to the functions and operations, a very famous Chinese home appliance company, Haier has been chosen. Though Haier has a stable positio n in the market and it is a very well-known brand, yet big organizations are bound to face difficult situations every day, which we are going to focus in this study (Haier lnc, 2012). Business Organizational Problems Companies and organizations around the world are continuously striving to examine and improve their ways of conducting business, so as to introduce multi-business model that would derive a good profit in the long run. The strategy implementation process is still the same in most of the organizations. It includes methods related to the implementation of organizational design, combining the organizational structure, control and strengthening the culture of the organization for smooth functioning of the multibusiness model concept in the organization for increasing the profitability. In order to assess the problem areas, it is very important to understand the organizational structure and the components that comprised of the framework of the organization, the shape of the o rganization, such as tall or short. This helps a lot in determining the problem areas in organization. Next we come to integration of different approaches, different structures, business or regulations within the organization. This is also important because it assists in determining when did the problem occur or might occur in near future. Then in case of re-engineering the organizational structure of functions we can notice that unidentified issues come up which even the management could not handle in the right manner (Ziegenfuss, 2001, p. 7-8). It has been noticed that organizational structure or financial issues are not always the root cause of the problems in the organization. Organizational culture is very important and it has been observed that every organization has its own unique set of culture, which differs from the other. Now based on the discussed reasons behind the organizational problems, we are going to understand the organizational problems of Haier, a famous Chinese home appliance. The first problem in Haier is regarding managing the human capital of the organization. In Haier even the exceptionally skilled employees are not rewarded adequately or motivated for his or her good work. Though the management considers it to be a part of their company policy, but it is proving itself as a bad employer among the human resource. Moreover, the approach of the company is to focus on individual efforts and performance, so there is no

Systemic family therapy(psychotherapy) TEAM Essay

Systemic family therapy(psychotherapy) TEAM - Essay Example Within the systems approach, there are three different ways problems are approached, namely, the strategic approach, the structural approach and the systemic approach. The strategic family therapist addresses problems in light of uncertain and inconsistent hierarchies within the family system (Watson n.d., p.381). He/she elicits "power and control issues, and directs change by means of family assignments or paradoxical injunctions" (Haley 1976, Madanes 1981, cited in Watson n.d., p.381). A structural family therapist looks into family structure, subsystems, and boundaries with an ideal family structure in mind and tries to reorganize the boundaries of families. The systemic approach has its origin in the work of the Milan therapy team inspired by Mara Selvini Palazzoli along with L.Boscolo, G. Cecchin and G. Prata (Wright & Watson 1991, p.407). Systemic therapy involves conceptualization of family problems from a systemic perspective, which plays an important role in the treatment pr ocess. Systemic therapists offer information and advice that liberate the family and enable them to solve their own problems. A systemic opinion is "offered by conceptualizing the presenting symptom as a solution to some other hypothetical or implied problem that would or could occur should the symptom not be present" (Tomm, cited in Wright & Watson 1991, p.427). This is called reframing. ... They offer different and contradicting views of reality, referred to as split opinions, which enable the family to be more open to change (Wright & Watson 1991, p.428). Therapists require the family to follow a pattern of behavior that is different from what it is used to. This is referred to as a ritual. Rituals help families to make new connections which in turn help them find new realities, leading to change and resolution of issues. The reflecting team In systemic family therapy, a reflecting team consisting of consultants or co-therapists from different fields helps the family in finding its own solution. The family is invited to sit behind a one-way mirror and observe the team's discussion on a previously held conversation between the family and the therapist. The team's voicing out aloud about the family's problems and possible solutions directs the family to consider alternate views of the family situation, problems and possible solutions. Andersen has suggested several assumptions and working guidelines for the reflecting team (cited in Jenkins 1996, p.1). A reflecting team follows the assumption that information needs to shared and not withheld, and based on this, the team can share its thoughts with the family during discussions. When there are multiple ideas discussed, there are different perceptions of reality, and the family's perception of its situation is also enriched on hearing these differences. Consequently, the family gets an opportunity to view its problems and possible solutions from alternate perspectives. These enriched pictures of the family and its dilemma form "an ecology of ideas" (Bogdan, cited in Jenkins 1996, p.1). Listening to the multitude of ideas and opinions of the reflecting team members helps the clients

Nanotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nanotechnology - Essay Example 1342-1347; Roco, 2001,pp. 225-233; Singh, Olson, & Maher, 2007, pp. 189-190; Takagi , Hirose A, Nishimura, Fukumori, Ogato, Ohashi, Kitajima & Kanno, 2008, pp. 105-116; Takenaka ,Karg , Roth, Schulz , Ziesenis, Heinzmann, Chramel, & Heyder, 2001, 547-461; Tinkle, Antonini, Roberts , Salmen, DePree & Adkins, 2003, pp, 1202-1208; Tran, BuBuchanan, Cullen, Searl, Jones, & Donaldson, 2000, pp, 1113-1126; Vincent & Clement, 2000, pp. 2673-2682. ). Describe the down and bottom up approach to nanotechnology There are two approaches in synthesizing nano materials and the creation of nano structures. These are top-down and bottom-up approaches (Gitam University, 2013). Top down approach is the slicing or successive cutting of a bulk material to get nano sized particle (Gitam University, 2013; Srinivasan, 2008, p. 1-3; Sullivan, 2001, pp. 51-53).  Ã‚  Bottom up approach, on the other hand, refers to the build-up of a material from the bottom (Gitam University, 2013). This means materials are reduced atom by atom, molecule by molecule or cluster by cluster. Both approaches are considered crucial in the development of modern nano industry and both possessed advantages and disadvantages (Gitam University, 2013).   Experts cited that process of attrition or milling is a common top down method in establishing nano particles while the colloidal dispersion is a bottom up type approach in synthesizing nano particles (Gitam University, 2013; Iqbal, Preece, & Mendes, 2012, p, 1). Experts explained that the problem with top down approach is the surface structure imperfection and the potential crystallographic damages in the construction method (Gitam University, 2013). This posed additional challenges in the architectural design and fabrication of matters although the application remained favourable to the production of nano materials albeit some limitations and risks posed by researchers (Gitam University, 2013; Brown, 2002, p. 1). Notwithstanding defects, nanotech continues t o play an important role in the synthesis of nano structures (Gitam University, 2013). The century is experiencing this advancement. This is even done in the production of salt and nitrate in chemical industry(Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Long ago, people are already content to use rock salt as mixture and for food preservation. These days, there are already iodized salt that are reduced into minute particles in the market. Hence, tools are now made with nanometer scale to produce nano structures with less defects, and more homogeneous chemical composition (Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Unlike the bottom up approach, the top-down method introduces internal stress, surface defects and possible contamination. To further cite an example, electronic integrated circuits are created using top-down process with limitations described (Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Bottom-up app roach assembles materials in supramolecular chemistry that combined an alternative route (Gitam University, 2013; Institute Of Nanotechnology, 2003, p, 245). Indicate the current stage of technology progress towards each of these. The development of laptops, microchips for information archiving, production of scanning tunneling microscope, digital cameras with zooming lenses that capture and

Means of Transport Use on Campus Essay Example for Free

Means of Transport Use on Campus Essay Transport is an important thing to everyone, as well as students. Campus location is the influence for students to choose means of transport on campus. Students will choose the easy transport to take them to all over the place and easy to find. Transportation is also important for students to move from their campus to their hostel, cafeteria or any other places. Based on graph, the highers preffered means of transport in 2006 is car, this means students preffered to choose private transport as their transportation to campus. Car is a private transport that easy for them to move from one campus to another campus without necessary to keep on waiting. On the other hand motorcycle is the second highers means of transport used on campus, it is also a private transport which is easy for students to find and use in campus. Besides that students also use campus bus and other public transport but base on the graph it is less than car and motorcycle. In 2007 and 2008 the graph shows that number of vehicle preffered by students’ as a means of transport on campus for car increase to 2600 for year 2007 and 3500 for year 2008, meanwhile for motorcycle, campus bus and other transport are remain unchanged. There are a few factors to explain the increasing of car. As we know all students in second semester and above are allowed to bring their own transport, first semester students in 2006 will bring their own transport in a second semester and they choose to drive a car as their transportation that will increase the number of vehicle quantity for car. Thus, a new students in a first semester for 2007 and 2008 will use campus bus and other transport such as a bicycle, taxi and others. The other factor to explain the increasing number of vehicle for car is students who choose a motorcycle before, are change their transportation from motorcycle to car. As we can see, the number of parking spaces on campus were increase from 2006 until 2008, it is due to the incriesing number of car as a means of transport on campus. On the other hand, car parking spaces for is limited compared to parking spaces for motorcycle which is more than that. As a conclusion to the graph, we can find that students means of transport in campus is more to a private vehicles such as a car and motorcycle. Easy to find and save a time is the factor for students to choose car as their transportation. Besides that the public transportation also become the means of transport on campus for the new students and for them who is not bring their private transport.

Dirt bikes usa

Dirt bikes usa Introduction The small company Dirt Bikes USA based out of Colorado is planning to look for more ways to grow in the economy of the motorcycle industry. They are skeptical and worried about expenses and how they are going to obtain information to provide a solution efficiently. Dirt Bikes USA will go through a transformation on running their business more efficiently. With my evaluations and help I will decide on what kind of internet tools and technology that will be most effective for the organization and its employees. I will be discussing intranet systems and two other tools for the internet that can be provided for the organization. I also intend on discussing the benefits in using wireless technology and the kind of impacts it will have on the organization. The tools that will be utilized will have benefits for the organization as well. The cost efficiency of wireless networks versus the cost of wired networks will also be discussed to give the organization an option of using a more cost ef fective system. This will reveal the pros of wireless networks and the cons of wired networks. Recommendations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I recently have just evaluated the organization of Dirt Bikes USA and have come up with recommendations on solving problems. While Dirt Bikes USA already offers their employees internet with desktop computers it would be helpful to establish a private network through using the organizations existing network infrastructure combined with connectivity standards of the internet and software made for the World Wide Web (WWW). Laudon and Laudon (2009), states that intranets are private networks created by the use of internet networking standards and web technology. With the use of intranets it is secure and private and has a firewall for protection, which helps prevent unauthorized users from accessing the network. WWW and intranet software technology are similar to each other. Intranet Benefits   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While having access to information with the touch of a button can be very important in the marketing and sales department. There are many benefits received by the marketing and sales department using an intranet. These benefits are having access to the following: researching of competitors, information of products, reports on sales, and marketing analysis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The human resource department can benefit extremely from the use of intranet because they could cutback on the usage of paper. The department could start uploading all of the company applications, company handbooks, company benefit package, and much more that will lead to saving the money normally spent on large amounts of paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The manufacturing and production department of the company will benefit from the use of intranet by keeping track of the schedules of production while helping maintain and coordinate production. They can keep track of all their inventory of parts in and out of stock through the intranet. If the organization were to upgrade the intranet to an extranet suppliers would know when parts are needed for the company and customers could place their orders to the suppliers if needed. Helpful Tools   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout my investigation I found that as a minimum there are two other tools for the internet that will be useful for the employees at Dirt Bikes. The first internet tool is a Voice over IP (VOIP) phone system. According to Laudon and Laudon (2009), with the use of a (VOIP) phone system it could help lower the companys cost of communications by 20 to 30 percent. A VOIP phone system is a popular platform for corporate networking and voice transmission. I would suggest having more than one telecommunications and computer service infrastructure to save on long distance phone calls and even get rid of private lines, but having one of each of the infrastructures is needed to offer tremendous savings for Dirt Bikes organization in communications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another tool for the organization would be the Apple iPad. With the iPad the organization can create formatted documents, spreadsheets with charts and formulas. The iPad also connects over Wi-Fi connection and 3G services so you can email photos to your clients and find out on the internet recent news on the competitors. Its a great tool to have around the shop instead of going back to your office to type an email you can type an email write in the power of your hands. Wireless Access   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe that it is important for Dirt Bikes USA to install wireless networks, which would allow wireless internet access to the employees and also provide the company with the capabilities of having voice data communications. By having Dirt Bikes USA install wireless internet it will lead the organization in profit increase while also saving employees time. Besides voice communications, technology has grown where cell phones are now capable of sending information through instant messaging and e-mails. Cell phones are also now capable of searching or researching information on the WWW. The use of cell phones could help the outsiders of the organization with access to information from just about anywhere.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the use of Bluetooth in the organization is another way of using wireless networks. A Bluetooth is a wireless device that allows wireless phones, printers, and computers to communicate with each other with the least amount of power needed to function. Having lower power to function would make a Bluetooth best used with handheld computers, personal data assistants, and cell phones. Wired Networks versus Wireless Networks   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I believe for Dirt Bikes USA wireless networks are they way to go and they way of the future because an employee can have access to the internet from anywhere in the building, while wired networks limits you to a specific docking station or office. The only benefit of a wired network is that they work faster with larger files to upload and can tend to be more reliable than wireless networks. Wireless networks sometimes have problems with signal strength while wired networks do not unless a wire happens to become loosened. With the use of wireless networks it would be a fraction of the cost to have installed, compared to the wired networks because of all of the wires need to be ran throughout the building. The bottom line is that the use of a wireless network would be more cost effective for the organization. Conclusion Throughout my investigation I have determined and recommended many solutions to Dirt Bikes USA would benefit from. Using intranet systems in your organization would benefit the following departments: Manufacturing and production, human resources, and sales and marketing. In my determination I have also presented two more internet tools that if used would be valuable to the organization. The two internet tools that were presented are VPN and the Apple iPad. With the use of these tools it will be cost effective for the organization. I have also brought attention to wireless networks technology and the influence it will have on the organization. I compared the cost effective advantages of the use of wireless networks compared to wired networks to be considered by management. My analysis will help in saving the organization a lot of money, which in return will create higher profits for Dirt Bikes USA. References Laudon, Kenneth C., Lauden, Jane P. (2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.). Essentials of Management Information Systems (8th ed).,: Prentice Hall.

Benefits of Video Conferencing

Benefits of Video Conferencing VIDEO CONFERENCING WHAT IS VIDEO CONFERENCING? A Video Conference (known as video teleconference) is a set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and audio transmissions simultaneously. It has also been called visual collaboration and is a type of groupware. In other word Video Conferencing is a communications technology that integrates video and voice to connect remote users with each other as if they were in the same room. Each user needs computer, web cam, microphone, and broadband internet connection for participation in video conferencing. Users see and hear each other in real-time, allowing natural conversations. Video Conferencing differs from a videophone calls in that its designed to serve a conference rather than individuals. It is an intermediate form of video telephony, first deployed commercially by A T T during the early 1970s using their picture phone technology. Video Conferencing is becoming increasingly popular as a way to facilitate meetings, and save time and money on travel and accommodation. HOW IT WORKS Video Conferencing can be used in a host of different environments, which is one of the reasons the technology is so popular. General uses for video conferencing include business meetings, educational training or instruction and collaboration among health officials or other representatives. Thus far video conferencing has been helping in different sphere of life. The most usage field of Video conferencing Interviewing prospective students and staff Presentations Seminar presentations to remote audiences Business meeting Distance Learning Telecommuting Telemedicine BENIFICIAL OF VIDEO CONFERENCE The biggest advantage or benefit Video Conferencing has to offer is the ability to meet with people in remote locations without incurring travel expenses or other expenses associated with face to face communication. Business meetings, educational meetings, healthcare conferences and more can all be easily conducted thanks to video conferencing technology. Individuals living in remote areas can also use video conferencing to keep in touch if you will, with the world at large. More people are easily accessed and contacted using video conferencing. Because of this technology information and knowledge are often disseminated at more rapid rates, and collaboration between people occurs more willingly and freely. Students can take advantage of video conferencing to take classes at distant locations that would normally be unavailable. They can also take classes that will accommodate busy schedules. Video Conferencing can stimulate better brainstorming, knowledge sharing and information gathering. Businesses can use video conferencing to provide presentations to key members of an organization or to solicit new clients in a professional manner, regardless of their location. The possibilities for communication are virtually endless thanks to video conferencing technologies. Video Conferencing provides with the ability to meet and to work with others over a distance. The following list includes several examples of the benefits for businesses using video conferencing: Reduce travel costs. Improve use of executive time. Speed up decision-making. Keep meetings brief and more focused than face-to-face meetings. Enable top management to quickly and effectively communicate with employees sitting in multiple locations. Allows virtual project management via video and data conferencing with geographically dispersed peer groups at short notice. Provides an effective way of delivering cost-efficient training to individuals without the requirement to consistently travel to central locations. Creates a medium for conducting interviews. Working out of home has never been easier or more practical. Videoconferencing makes it possible to stay connected with people in a very real way. Videoconferencing allows users to save resources by meeting with clients and/or colleagues via videoconference. This reduces travel expenses, while maintaining face-to-face contact. For a minimal cost, it is possible to set-up a fully functional videoconferencing system that works in a professional and reliable way from your home office. HOW TO DO THIS Video Conferencing used to be something of a black art. Today, easy-to-use and manage technology means that users need know little about how the equipment actually works, Whats important is what it can do, now how it does it. Video Conferencing has become popular over the last decade. Video conferencing is when two or more parties communicate in real time in separate locations with both video and audio signals. Technology used in Video conferencing Video Input Video Output Audio Input Audio Output Data Transfer Data Compression Software Acoustic Echo Cancellation This is the technology/software used for video conferencing. The software is usually used for Video Conferencing. So start video conferencing in your preferable work and make your world easy and trouble free.

The Eve of St. Agnes by John Keats Essay -- The Eve of St. Agnes John

Someone once said that true love is only an illusion and can never be achieved. This is evidently shown through many elements of the poem by John Keats, â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† Much of this poem is about the imagination and how it can blind people and make them oblivious to the true events that are occurring. We the readers can see this very easily through the portrayal of one of the main characters Madeline. The second main character Porphyro tries to authenticate her quest for a dream experience however ends up taking advantage of her while she thinks she is still dreaming. The poem does endorse how the power of Madeline’s visionary imagination can influence her and the others around her, but also that happenings outside of the dream can cause the person in the dream to be taken advantage of with out the dreamers knowledge. The truth is that Porphyro knows exactly what he is doing and instead of doing things in a honorable way, he decides to proceed in a dishonorable way and totally violates her visionary imagination. The night that is being spoken of in this poem is a night of dreams and imagination. It is supposed to be a mystical night in which young women have dreams of their one true love. Madeline takes this to a totally different level in that she totally succumbs to the mystical ability of the night and totally loses her mind. In that she doesn’t even know if she is still dreaming or if she is wake. Some interpretations of the poem say that she is wake and know what she is doing. However, I believe the contrary that she doesn’t know what she is doing. â€Å"Hoodwink’d with faery fancy.† (70) Most of what she does is due to the mystical feeling the night causes. A mind can play may tricks and the mind can make ... ... to trick her into doing something on a night to which she seem to have no control over, on one of the most mystical night of them all. The only reason that I can think of that she goes away with him at the end is not because she truly love him, but that she is starting to realize what she did. Now the only honorable thing to do is go away with him so that she doesn’t dishonor anyone. This is kind of ironic because it was the dishonor of Porphyro, which caused all this, and yet she is doing the honorable thing. Works Cited Page Keats, John. â€Å"The Eve of St. Agnes.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol II, Ed. MH Abrams, et al. New York; Norton 2000. Pg 834-844. Stillinger, Jack. â€Å"The Hoodwinking of Madeline: Skepticism in The Eve of St. Agnes.† Twentieth Century Interpretations of the â€Å"Eve of St. Agnes.† Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Pgs. 67-94

Genre Theory and John Fords Stagecoach Essay -- Movie Film Films Cine

Genre Theory and John Ford's Stagecoach The analytic theory posited by Robert Warshow in his essay "The Westerner", itemizes the elements necessary for a film to belong to the genre of the "western". Most contentiously, he mandates that the narrative focus upon the individual hero's plight to assert his identity, and diminishes the importance of secondary characters and issues, or any tendency toward "social drama." (431) He states that it is subtle variations that make successive instances of a genre film interesting, yet limits this variety to "minor variations in the characteristics of the actors who play the hero's role." (430) It is my belief that while exhibiting many of the traits itemized by Warshow, John Ford's Stagecoach (1939) also exhibits variations in characterization, symbolism and even moral focus which project it dangerously close to what Warshow would view as a "social" film. It would be nearly impossible to declare Stagecoach a non-western by either Warshow's own generic criteria or the expectations of the genre viewer, yet the film clearly conveys the more individuated social concerns of its director. While Warshow claims that this perversion of the norm threatens to make the genre uninteresting, I believe the contrary to be true. Subverting the expectations of the genre, while still functioning within the language of the "western" is what makes Stagecoach a powerful film, and legitimizes the notion of genre itself. The traits cited by Warshow as compulsory for the "western" are extensive. Most elements concern the figure of the melancholy cowboy hero, who is certainly present in Stagecoach in the personage of Ringo. The hero usually exhibits a certain leisure, an ambiguity of occupation, a noncha... ...r variations within the working out of a pre-established order." (461) However, his theory seems too eager to limit a genre film to achieving the same end in every incidence. I believe that Stagecoach reveals that it can be more constructive to achieve something new through the use of the conventional mode. It seems that it is only through the creation of an ostensibly new product by each recurrence of a generic form that a genre can continue. Theorists who deny the possibility of retaining enough of the original mode to make the film recognizable as part of a genre, while still capitalizing on the full range of variation available through plot, characterization, and style, underestimate the audience's capacity to simultaneously make connections and receive a new product. I believe an audience would rather be challenged than spoon-fed another "creative" recreation. Genre Theory and John Ford's Stagecoach Essay -- Movie Film Films Cine Genre Theory and John Ford's Stagecoach The analytic theory posited by Robert Warshow in his essay "The Westerner", itemizes the elements necessary for a film to belong to the genre of the "western". Most contentiously, he mandates that the narrative focus upon the individual hero's plight to assert his identity, and diminishes the importance of secondary characters and issues, or any tendency toward "social drama." (431) He states that it is subtle variations that make successive instances of a genre film interesting, yet limits this variety to "minor variations in the characteristics of the actors who play the hero's role." (430) It is my belief that while exhibiting many of the traits itemized by Warshow, John Ford's Stagecoach (1939) also exhibits variations in characterization, symbolism and even moral focus which project it dangerously close to what Warshow would view as a "social" film. It would be nearly impossible to declare Stagecoach a non-western by either Warshow's own generic criteria or the expectations of the genre viewer, yet the film clearly conveys the more individuated social concerns of its director. While Warshow claims that this perversion of the norm threatens to make the genre uninteresting, I believe the contrary to be true. Subverting the expectations of the genre, while still functioning within the language of the "western" is what makes Stagecoach a powerful film, and legitimizes the notion of genre itself. The traits cited by Warshow as compulsory for the "western" are extensive. Most elements concern the figure of the melancholy cowboy hero, who is certainly present in Stagecoach in the personage of Ringo. The hero usually exhibits a certain leisure, an ambiguity of occupation, a noncha... ...r variations within the working out of a pre-established order." (461) However, his theory seems too eager to limit a genre film to achieving the same end in every incidence. I believe that Stagecoach reveals that it can be more constructive to achieve something new through the use of the conventional mode. It seems that it is only through the creation of an ostensibly new product by each recurrence of a generic form that a genre can continue. Theorists who deny the possibility of retaining enough of the original mode to make the film recognizable as part of a genre, while still capitalizing on the full range of variation available through plot, characterization, and style, underestimate the audience's capacity to simultaneously make connections and receive a new product. I believe an audience would rather be challenged than spoon-fed another "creative" recreation.

Winnie’s Dramatic Story in “Happy Days” by Samuel Beckett

Samuel Beckett’s play, â€Å"Happy Days,† portrays a woman, Winnie, buried in the ground, first up to her waist, then up to her neck, determined to live out her meaningful life. Although her situation is hopeless because she has no idea how she got there, Winnie trusts that her life is meaningful and truly believes that there is nothing she can do to change it. Consequently, Winnie focuses on trivial details to pass each day. Beckett definitely succeeds in making this character’s life dramatic by consuming her life with habits and rituals. Winnie’s life is focused around certain details that help her cope with her anxiety of existence. Beckett shows that internally Winnie is afraid of what cannot be predicted or controlled and therefore has her resort to trifles. Winnie’s dramatic story is centered on a famous quote from Beckett’s first published play, â€Å"Waiting for Godot,† in â€Å"Habit is the great deadener. † Although this play is a comedy, there is a deeper side of the characters as well. It is funny in the aspect that both Winnie and Willie live in some strange universe unfamiliar to the readers and that they lead essentially meaningless lives, somehow surviving the passage of time, lack of connection with each other, and purposeless existence. As the play goes on, however, the reader starts to sense that Winnie has a fear deep inside of her about what is to come. She even starts mumbling a half forgotten prayer at the beginning of Act One where the reader only picks up, â€Å"World without end Amen† (752). Winnie blatantly prays for a world that has infinite life so she will not have to see the face of death. As the play develops, it is revealed that Winnie tries to avoid confronting the reality of her situation, Willie’s ignorance towards her, and the inevitability of death. It is almost as if Winnie is in denial about her life but does not yet recognize it. She, however, repeats, â€Å"†¦can’t complain – no no – musn’t complain much to be thankful for† (753) and â€Å"No better, no worse, no change, no pain† (753) as if she really is in pain and absolutely refuses to believe it because she merely trusts that she leads a meaningful life. Perhaps an evident way Beckett portrays Winnie’s dramatic story is through the variation of the phrase â€Å"this will have been a happy day† that she repeats throughout the play. Winnie proclaims this only after Willie cknowledges her existence. Each time Willie ignores her, Winnie’s conversation becomes futile and she starts to get the feeling that her hopes are false because she spends the majority of her day telling stories and yearning for her husband’s response. Her â€Å"happy days† seem to be when she experiences human interaction. Winnie understands that she talks a lot but she simply talks in hopes to generate some sort of human response. Winnie is overdramatic when Willie even utters a tiny word and proclaims that it is truly a happy day for her, once again renewing her hopes of a happy life. She seems to be a typical dramatic romantic woman who is desperate to keep her relationship with her husband alive. Winnie even admits, â€Å"I am not merely talking to myself, that is in the wilderness, a thing I could never bear to do – for any life of time† (756). She understands that speaking aloud to no audience is simply just internal thought and is fearful for that day when she will have nobody to talk to. Winnie repeats â€Å"simply gaze before me with compressed lips† (756) throughout the play portraying her fear that one day she will have to resort to staring into space in internal thought only. Optimistic Winnie, however, assures herself that she will always have her black bag to resort to when words fail. Seeking to fill the hours of the day, Winnie chooses to reminisce about the past, speak in â€Å"old style† language, and carry out various rituals. Her black bag is the source of her rituals and it seems to be all that she really has, considering Willie hardly ever acknowledges her. Winnie starts and ends her day by the sound of a bell, quickly moving to the minute details like brushing her teeth, combing her hair, polishing her glasses, and putting on lipstick. Habit is Winnie’s sole consolation in her thought of a threatening universe winding down and eventually burning out. She insists on constructing activities to pass the time and to provide a sustaining illusion of meaning. Every action taken is in hopes to diminish her loneliness. Her rituals, repetitive in nature, erase Winnie’s distinction between past, present, and future. It is almost as if she has no free will and her habits consume her entire life on an almost superstitious level. Winnie must complete every ritual each day in order to feel whole. In the beginning of the play, the reader picks up on Winnie’s compulsiveness when she dramatically proclaims, â€Å"My hair! Did I brush and comb my hair† (756)? It seems as if superstition creeps in and Winnie cannot continue her day if she does not fully complete her rituals. Winnie bases her future on her next ritual. All of her available sources for optimism, however, are being used up in her black bag so she must work harder and harder to stay positive. Winnie lives in a static world believing that such an existence with no change will fend off death. Beckett’s quote, â€Å"Habit is the great deadener,† suggests otherwise, contradicting Winnie’s only beliefs. Winnie focuses so much on the miniscule details and following a routine that the objects start to control her, causing her to lose self control and actually driving her closer to death with such static routines. The ritual Winnie looks most forward to is singing her song at the end of the day. It excites her to sing it but she quickly becomes saddened at the end, once again exemplifying her dramatic story. The song perhaps gives her a sense of hope for life in the beginning, but Winnie realizes that it is not true in her own relationship, quickly becomes distraught, and must accept the fact that life will return to normal with her habits and rituals the next day. By the end of the play, Winnie is buried up to her neck in the ground but still refuses to admit the absurdity of her situation, constantly assuring herself that each day is a happy day, even if she is on the verge of tears. Winnie relies solely on habits and rituals to protect herself from what she cannot predict. She does not realize, however, that consuming her life with these rituals is actually bringing her closer to death. Beckett even symbolizes this through the fact that Winnie is buried up to her neck by the end of the play, taking away her ability to complete all of her rituals, and making the statement clear that death is near. Beckett succeeds in making Winnie’s story dramatic through her specific rituals and exemplifying his idea that, â€Å"Habit is the great deadener. †

Langston Hughes’ “Salvation” Essay

Some good deal whitethorn accept that repurchase comes to those who deserve it. Others may cerebrate that salvation comes to those who seek it. Still, there be those who be lie inve that salvation is non a privilege but is rather a free gift for only. barely for Langston Hughes, it appears that salvation for him is not what it seems to be. Apparently, Langston projects the image that a claws innocence may be a course of looking at salvation in much(prenominal) a way that our basic senses and sensibilities are locate back to their simplest and uncorrupted offer, devoid of idolize from non-conformity from dogma and filled with eagerness to live what is real.Perhaps Langston Hughes is attempting to channel across the content that adulthood or perchance our fledged state, so to speak, has dictated so practically of what we cogitate in that we forget that we were at once innocent beings eager to absorb what the cosmos was willing to give us. This is the point where I would like to agree with Langston Hughes. In the many an(prenominal) events in our lives that shape who we are and what we destinyapart from the things that we want to wantour periodical experiences have largely contributed to our personalizedity and character.some clock an encounter with an atheist will locomote your faith and apparitional feels and be cast aback into a state of doubt, slowness odds at both ends and pass judgment out if your faith is strong lavish to resist the temptation of atheism. Or perhaps an encounter with a tribesman living in a far-off, desolate forest may change the way you look at life, especially in terms of corporal possession. Whether or not we have already encountered these things, it can hardly be doubted that our personal experiences shares a large role in shaping our identities as individuals.As we grow, we saltation to acquire more of these experiences. Not surprisingly, our forward knowledge is replaced with fresher ones, relieving ourselves of the burden of having to filter the weight of obsolete beliefs as we go on with our lives. This is the point where Langston Hughes may genuinely well agree we have expectant to a point that we can recommend all but oneour state of innocence. It does not surprise me at all to see individuals busy with the complexities of life. After all, people change and so are the things we experience.The evolution of humanity, apart from the scientific sense, has paved the way for more of these complexities. And sometimes we are prompted to lie or to deceive ourselves out of innocence in order to blend in concert with our environment. In order to convince former(a) people, Hughes lied which made others reaffirm their belief in salvation. No doubt the believers would believe all the more in circumstances where their beliefs are reaffirmed at least by what they see. But sometimesin fact, many timeswhat they see is not the one we or others see.In the end, we are confronted with the startling tone of self-deception after convening and bend dexter to what others believe in. We mourn over our mistakes and apprehend to convince ourselves that all will be well although it only when cannot be the case after our actions have been committed. Salvation is such(prenominal) a broad concept that it simply cannot be confined within the unlikeable spaces of churches and congregations alone. If, indeed, salvation is free for all hence why must there be a need to encroach ourselves into religious orders?And for God or Allahs name, where among these hundreds, if not thousands, of religious dominions are we to find salvation? Langston Hughes Salvation embodies these important points and the rest of what has been give tongue to here. Maturity betrays us in such a way that our innocence is hindered from allowing us to view the world outside the quoin detached from whatever it is that ties us to dogma, double-dealing and self-proclaimed salvation. Reference Hughes, L. (2 007). Salvation. Retrieved November 7, 2007, from http//www. courses. vcu. edu/ENG200-dwc/hughes. htm

Intermediate Accounting 14th Chapter 5

Questions 1. The isotropy shadowvas provides information approximately the spirit and measuring rods of investitures in attempt resources, obligations to enterprise creditors, and the owners impartiality in sack incomework enterprise resources. That information non completely complements information about the comp whiznts of income, simply also contri butes to monetary reporting by providing a basis for (1) computation rates of return, (2) evaluating the bang-up structure of the enterprise, and (3) assessing the lucidity and fiscal flexibility of the enterprise. 2. Solvency refers to the ability of an enterprise to pay its debts as they mature.For example, when a comp any(prenominal) carries a high take aim of long-run debt relative to assets, it has lower solvency. Information on long-term obligations, such as long-term debt and tick asides pay sufficient, in com comparisonison to total assets apprize be apply to assess resources that forget be needed to agree these fixed obligations (such as interest and principal payments). 3. pecuniary flexibility is the ability of an enterprise to take telling actions to alter the tot ups and timing of property flows so it can respond to unannounced needs and opportunities.An enterprise with a high degree of monetary flexibility is expose able to survive bad times, to rec everyplace from unexpected setbacks, and to take advantage of profitable and unexpected investment opportunities. Generally, the greater the monetary flexibility, the lower the risk of enterprise failure. 4. Some situations in which estimates affect amounts inform in the end canvas tent include (a)allowance for provisionary considers. (b)depreciable lives and estimated scavenge values for whole caboodle and equipment. (c)warranty returns. d)determining the amount of taxations that should be put down as unearned. 5. An accession in inventories increases underway assets, which is in the numerator of the ca tamenia proportion. Therefore, inventory increases leave behind increase the underway ratio. In general, an increase in the topical ratio indicates a lodge has better liquidity, since there atomic number 18 more circulating(prenominal) assets relative to current liabilities. 6. fluidity describes the amount of time that is expected to elapse until an asset is diversifyed into immediate payment or until a indebtedness has to be paid.The ranking of the assets given in arrangement of liquidity is (1) (d) Short-term investments. (2) (e) Accounts collectable. (3) (b) stock. (4) (c) Buildings. (5) (a) Goodwill. 7. The major limitations of the balance tatter be (a)The values express atomic number 18 broadly historical and not at fair value. (b)Estimates piss to be used in many instances, such as in the determination of collectibility of dues or purpose the approximate useful life of long-term existent and intangible assets. c)Many items, even though they have financi al value to the business, presently atomic number 18 not recorded. iodine example is the value of a fraternitys human resources. 8. Some items of value to technology companies such as Intel or IBM argon the value of enquiry and development (new products that atomic number 18 being developed but which atomic number 18 not yet marketable), the value of the apt uppercase of its workforce (the ability of the companies employees to come up with new ideas and products in the fast changing technology industry), and the value of the high society reputation or do brand (e. . , the Intel Inside logo). In roughly cases, the reasons wherefore the value of these items are not recorded in the balance sheet concern the lack of close representation of the estimates of the future bills flows that will be generated by these assets (for all three types) and the ability to subdue the use of the asset (in the case of employees). Being able to reliably measure the expected future benefits and to stop the use of an item are essential elements of the interpretation of an asset, according to the Conceptual Framework. 9.Classification in financial storys helps users by grouping items with similar characteristics and separating items with different characteristics. circulating(prenominal) assets are expected to be converted to currency within one twelvemonth or one direct cycle, whichever is longerproperty, form and equipment will provide cash inflows over a longer period of time. Thus, separating long-term assets from current assets facilitates computation of useful ratios such as the current ratio. 10. Separate amounts should be account for accounts receivable and notes receivable.The amounts should be report gross, and an amount for the allowance for doubtful accounts should be deducted. The amount and nature of any nontrade receivables, and any amounts designated or pledged as verifying, should be understandably identified. 11. No. Available-for- deal securi ties should be reported as a current asset only if management expects to convert them into cash as needed within one year or the operational cycle, whichever is longer. If available-for-sale securities are not held with this expectation, they should be reported as long-term investments. 2. The affinity between current assets and current liabilities is that current liabilities are those obligations that are reasonably expected to be liquidated all through the use of current assets or the origin of other current liabilities. 13. The total selling outlay of the season tickets is $20,000,000 (10,000 X $2,000). Of this amount, $8,000,000 has been earned by 12/31/12 (16/40 X $20,000,000). The rest $12,000,000 should be reported as unearned revenue, a current indebtedness in the 12/31/12 balance sheet (24/40 X $20,000,000). 14.Working with child(p) is the excess of total current assets over total current liabilities. This excess is sometimes called net working capital. Working capit al represents the net amount of a companys relatively liquid resources. That is, it is the liquidity buffer available to meet the financial demands of the in operation(p) cycle. 15. (a)Shareholders Equity. Treasury fund (at cost). (b)Current Assets. Included in immediate payment. (c)Investments. bolt down held as an investment. (d)Investments. Sinking fund. (e)Long-term debt (adjunct account to bonds collectable). Unamortized indemnity on bonds collectable. (f)Intangible Assets. Copyrights. (g)Investments. Employees pension fund, with subcaptions of gold and Securities if desired. (Assumes that the company slake owns these assets. ) (h)Shareholders Equity. Premium on capital stock or summariseitional paid-in capital. (i)Investments. Nature of investments should be given together with parenthetical information as follows pledged to catch loans payable to banks. 16. (a) stipend for doubtful accounts receivable should be deducted from accounts receivable in curren t assets. b)Merchandise held on consignment should not push through on the consignees balance sheet except possibly as a note to the financial averments. (c)Advances received on sales acquire are normally a current financial obligation and should be shown as such in the balance sheet. (d) capital surrender value of life insurance should be shown as a long-term investment. (e) knock down should be reported in property, plant, and equipment unless held for investment. (f)Merchandise out on consignment should be shown among current assets under the heading of inventories. (g)Franchises should be itemized in a section for intangible assets. h)Accumulated depreciation of plant and equipment should be deducted from the plant and equipment accounts. (i)Materials in transit should not be shown on the balance sheet of the buyer, if purchased f. o. b. destination. 17. (a)Trade accounts receivable should be stated at their estimated amount collectible, a right-hand(a) deal referred to a s net realizable value. The method most generally followed is to deduct from the total accounts receivable the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts. (b)Land is generally stated in the balance sheet at cost. (c)Inventories are generally stated at the lower of cost or market. d)Trading securities (consisting of common stock of other companies) are stated at fair value. (e)Prepaid expenses should be stated at cost less the amount apportioned to and written off over the previous account statement periods. 18. Assets are defined as probable future sparing benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past proceeding or events. If a construct is occupyd under a capital lease, the future economic benefits of using the building are controlled by the lessee (tenant) as the result of a past event (the signing of a lease agreement). 19. Battle is incorrect.Retained net income is a source of assets, but is not an asset itself. For example, even though the cash in hand obtained from issuing a note payable are invested in the business, the note payable is not reported as an asset. It is a source of assets, but it is reported as a liability be pee the company has an obligation to repay the note in the future. Similarly, even though the stipend are invested in the business, contain requital is not reported as an asset. It is reported as part of shareholders impartiality because it is, in effect, an investment by owners which increases the ownership interest in the assets of an entity. 20.The notes should appear as long-term liabilities with full divine revelation as to their terms. apiece year, as the profit is determined, notes of an amount equal to two-thirds of the years profits should be transferred from the long-term liabilities to current liabilities until all of the notes have been liquidated. 21. The purpose of a tale of cash flows is to provide relevant information about the cash receipts and cash payments of an enterpri se during a period. It differs from the balance sheet and the income statement in that it reports the sources and uses of cash by operating, investing, and financial backing activity classifications.While the income statement and the balance sheet are accrual basis statements, the statement of cash flows is a cash basis statementnoncash items are omitted. 22. The difference between these two amounts may be due to increases in current assets (e. g. , an increase in accounts receivable from a sale on account would result in an increase in revenue and net income but have no effect yet on cash). Similarly a cash payment that results in a diminish in an existing current liability (e. g. , accounts payable would decrease cash provided by operations without alter net income). 3. The difference between these two amounts could be due to noncash charges that appear in the income statement. Examples of noncash charges are depreciation, depletion, and amortization of intangibles. Expenses r ecorded but unpaid (e. g. , increase in accounts payable) and collection of previously recorded sales on credit (i. e. , now decreasing accounts receivable) also would cause cash provided by operating activities to exceed net income. 24. Operating activities enquire the cash effects of transactions that enter into the determination of net income.Investing activities include qualification and collecting loans and acquiring and disposing of debt and equity instruments property, plant, and equipment and intangibles. Financing activities involve liability and owners equity items and include obtaining capital from owners and providing them with a return on (dividends) and a return of their investment and borrowing money from creditors and repaying the amounts borrowed. 25. (a) cyberspace income is correct downward by deducting $5,000 from $90,000 and reporting cash provided by operating activities as $85,000. (b)The issuance of the best-loved stock is a financing activity.The issuance is reported as follows Cash flows from financing activities Issuance of like stock $1,150,000 (c) Net income is adjusted as follows Cash flows from operating activities Net income $90,000 Adjustments to pay off net income to net cash provided by operating activities Depreciation expense 14,000 Premium amortization (5,000) Net cash provided by operating activities $99,000 (d)The increase of $20,000 reflects an investing activity. The increase in Land is reported as follows Cash flows from investing activitiesInvestment in Land $(20,000) 26. The company appears to have good liquidity and commonsense financial flexibility. Its current cash debt coverage ratio is 1. 20, which indicates that it can pay off its current liabilities in a given year from its operation. In addendum its cash debt coverage ratio is also good at . 80 which indicates it can pay off approximately 80% of its debt out of current operations 27. Free cash flow = $860,000 $75,000 $30,000 = $755,000. 28. Free cash flow is net cash provided by operating activities less capital expenditures and dividends.The purpose of free cash flow analysis is to determine the amount of arbitrary cash flow a company has for get additional investments, retiring its debt, purchasing treasury stock, or simply adding to its liquidity and financial flexibility. 29. Some of the techniques of disclosure for the balance sheet are (a)Parenthetical explanations. (b)Notes to the financial statements. (c)Cross references and contra items. (d)Supporting schedules. 30. A note entitled Summary of Significant news report Policies would indicate the basic accounting principles used by that enterprise.This note should be very useful from a comparative standpoint, since it should be easy to determine whether the company uses the same accounting policies as other companies in the same industry. 31. General debt obligations, lease contracts, pension arrangements and stock option plans are four items for which disclo sure is required in the financial statements. The reason for disclosing these contractual situations is that these commitments are of a long-term nature, are often authoritative in amount, and are very important to the companys well-being. 32.The profession has recommended that the use of the word tautologic be discontinued in balance sheet presentations of owners equity. This term has a connotation outside accounting that is quite different from its meaning in the accounts or in the balance sheet. The use of the terms capital surplus, paid-in surplus, and earned surplus is confusing to the non-accountant and leads to misinterpretation. Brief physical exercise 1. Current assets Cash $ 30,000 Accounts receivable $110,000 slight compensation for doubtful accounts 8,000 102,000 Inventory 290,000 Prepaid insurance 9,500 gibe current assets $431,500Exercise (a)If the investment in preferred stock is readily marketable and held primarily for sale in the near term to generate income on short-term price differences, then the account should appear as a current asset and be included with trading investments. If, on the other hand, the preferred stock is not a trading security, it should be sort out as available-for-sale. Available for sale securities are separate as current or non-current depending upon the circumstances. (b)If the company accounts for the treasury stock on the cost basis, the account should properly be shown as a reduction of total shareholders equity. c)Shareholders equity. (d)Current liability. (e)Property, plant, and equipment (as a deduction). (f)If an asset in serve of construction is being constructed for another party, it is properly classified as an inventory account in the current asset section. This account will be shown net of any billings on the contract. On the other hand, if the asset is being constructed for the use of this particular company, it should be classified as a separate item in the property, plant, and equipm ent section. (g)Current asset. (h)Current liability. (i)Retained earnings. j)Current asset. (k)Current liability. 4. GULISTAN INC. Balance Sheet December 31, 20XX Assets Current assets Cash $ xxx little Cash restricted for plant intricacy thirty $ xxx Accounts receivable xxx slight Allowance for doubtful accounts xxx XXX Notes receivable XXX Receivablesofficers XXX Inventories perfect goods XXX Work in process XXX cutting materials XXX XXX sum up current assets $XXX Long-term investments Preferred stock investments XXX Land held for future plant site XXX Cash restricted for plant expansion XXX essential long-term investments XXX Property, plant, and equipment Buildings XXX slight Accum. depreciation buildings XXX XXX Intangible assets Copyrights XXX radical assets $XXX Liabilities and Shareholders Equity Current liabilities Salaries and wages payable $XXX Notes payable, short-term XXX Unearned subscripti ons revenue XXX Unearned rent revenue XXX wide current liabilities $XXX Long-term debt Bonds payable, due in four years $XXX Less Discount on bonds payable (XXX) XXX count liabilities XXX Stockholders equity Capital stock public stock XXX Additional paid-in capital compensable in capital in excess of parcommon stock XXX rack up paid-in capital XXX Retained earnings XXX lend paid-in capital and retained earnings XXX Less Treasury stock, at cost (XXX) Total stockholders equity XXX Total liabilities and stockholders quity $XXX 7. Current assets Cash $ 92,000* Less Cash restricted for plant expansion 50,000 $ 42,000 Equity investments (fair value) (cost, $31,000) 29,000 Accounts receivable (of which $50,000 is pledged as collateral on a bank loan) 161,000 Less Allowance for doubtful accounts 12,000 149,000 Interest receivable ($40,000 X 6%) X 8/12 1,600 Inventory (lower-of-cost (determined using LIFO)-o r-market) Finished goods 52,000 Work-in-process 34,000 Raw materials 187,000 273,000 Total current assets $494,600 8. a. Dividends payable of $1,900,000 will be reported as a current liability (1,000,000 50,000) X $2. 00 b. Bonds payable of $25,000,000 and interest payable of $2,500,000 ($100,000,000 X 10% X 3/12) will be reported as a current liability. Bonds payable of $75,000,000 will be reported as a long-term liability. c. Customer advances of $17,000,000 will be reported as a current liability ($12,000,000 + $30,000,000 $25,000,000). 12. VIVALDI CORPORATION Balance Sheet December 31, 2012Assets Current assets Cash $197,000 Debt investments 153,000 Accounts receivable $435,000 Less Allowance for doubtfulaccounts 25,000 410,000 Inventory 597,000 Total current assets $1,357,000 Long-term investments Debt investments 299,000 Equity investments 277,000 Total long-term investments 576,000 Property, plant, and equipment Land 260,000 Buil dings 1,040,000 Less Accum. depreciation 352,000 688,000 Equipment 600,000 Less Accum. epreciation 60,000 540,000 Total property, plant, and equipment 1,488,000 Intangible assets Franchises 160,000 Patents 195,000 Total intangible assets 355,000 Total assets $3,776,000 Liabilities and Stockholders Equity Current liabilities Accounts payable $ 455,000 Notes payable (short-term) 90,000 Dividends payable 136,000 Accrued liabilities 96,000 Total current liabilities $ 777,000 Long-term debt Bonds payable 1,000,000 Notes payable (long-term) 900,000 Total long-term liabilities 1,900,000 Total liabilities 2,677,000 Stockholders equity Paid-in capital Common stock ($5 par) $1,000,000 Paid-in capital in excess of par 80,000 1,080,000 Retained earnings* 210,000 Total paid-in capital and retained earnings 1,290,000 Less Treasury stock 191,000 Total stockholders equity 1,099,000 Total liabilities and stockholders equity $3, 776,000 Sales $7,900,000 Investment revenue 63,000 bizarre gain 80,000 Cost of goods sold (4,800,000) Selling expenses (2,000,000) administrative expenses (900,000) Interest expense (211,000) Net income $ 132,000 Beginning retained earnings $ 78,000 Net income 132,000 resultant retained earnings $ 210,000 Or ending retained earnings can be computed as follows Total stockholders equity $1,099,000 AddTreasury stock 191,000 Less Paid-in capital 1,080,000 Ending retained earnings $ 210,000